According to the psychometric analysis of the questionnaire, the TFEQ-R21C is a valid and useful tool to assess eating behaviors in Spanish child population. Further research is necessary to understand the links between eating behaviors and other health-related behaviors such as physical activity time or cardiovascular fitness.

BackgroundSwimming in indoor pools treated with combined chemical treatments (e.g. ozone) may reduce direct exposure to disinfection byproducts and thus have less negative effects on respiratory function compared to chlorinated pools. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of a short-term training intervention on respiratory function and lung epithelial damage in adults exercising in indoor swimming pool waters treated with different disinfection methods (chlorine vs. ozone with bromine).MethodsLung permeability biomakers [surfactant protein D (SP-D) and Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) in plasma] and forced expiratory volumes and flow (FEV1, FVC and FEF25–75) were measured in 39 healthy adults. Thirteen participants swam during 20 sessions in a chlorinated pool (CP), 13 performed and equivolumic intervention in an ozone pool (OP) and 13 were included in a control group (CG) without exposition.ResultsMedian plasma CC16 levels increased in CP swimmers (4.27±3.29 and 6.62±5.51 µg/L, p = 0.01, pre and post intervention respectively) while no significant changes in OP and CG participants were found. No significant changes in median plasma SP-D levels were found in any of the groups after the training period. FVC increased in OP (4.26±0.86 and 4.43±0.92 L, p<0.01) and CP swimmers (4.25±0.86 and 4.35±0.85 L, p<0.01). FEV1 only increased in OP swimmers (3.50±0.65 and 3.59±0.67, p = 0.02) and FEF25–75 decreased in CP swimmers (3.70±0.87 and 3.37±0.67, p = 0.02).ConclusionDespite lung function being similar in both groups, a higher lung permeability in CP compared to OP swimmers was found after a short-term swimming program. Combined chemical treatments for swimming pools such as ozone seem to have less impact on lung epithelial of swimmers compared to chlorinated treated pools.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of different sports (swimming, football, basketball, and handball) on fat mass and lean mass in prepubertal and pubertal girls.MethodsTwo hundred girls (10.6 ± 1.5 years old, Tanner stages I–III) participated in the study and were divided into 5 groups: 40 swimmers, 40 football players, 40 basketball players, 40 handball players, and 40 controls. Fat and lean masses at whole body, arms, trunk, and legs were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Pubertal status was determined using Tanner test. Effects of different sports on fat and lean masses were assessed through analysis of covariance with height as covariates. Analyses were performed separately in 2 groups depending on the Tanner stage (prepubertal and pubertal).ResultsThe girls of the control group had less lean mass and more fat mass compared to the girls who play sports (p < 0.05). There were differences in body fat between sports. The swimmers and football players had less body fat (p < 0.05). On the other hand, handball players showed the highest values in lean mass (p < 0.05).ConclusionImpact sports (football, basketball, and handball) and low-impact sports (swimming) provide an appropriate development of lean mass in growing girls. We can conclude that people practicing sports at early ages ensure a lower fat mass and higher lean mass compared to those who do not practice. These results may be useful as a preventive method of adult obesity.

Female footballers showed higher bone and lean masses compared to control counterparts; these differences are already detectable at prepubertal ages and more consistent after pubertal spurt.

Information regarding osteogenic effects of physical activity performed on different playing surfaces is scarce. A total of 42 children (9.2±0.2 years, Tanner stages I-II) participated in this study. 14 were playing on artificial turf soft ground (SG), 14 on a natural non-grass hard ground (HG) and 14 were assigned to the sedentary control group (C). Whole body and hip scans (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), anthropometric variables (weight and height) and physical fitness (VO2max) were determined in all participants. Bone mineral content (BMC) values were higher in the SG group compared to the C group at the legs (209.75±5.11 g vs. 187.42±5.14 g, respectively), pelvis (122.72±4.27 g vs. 98.58±4.29 g respectively) and whole-body level (1 126.1±22.81 g vs. 1 035.34±22.92 g, respectively). The hard ground (HG) group also showed higher values in the majority of BMC variables compared to the C group. Additionally, bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly higher at all sites of the hip in both active groups compared to control (P<0.05). No differences between HG and SG were found. In summary, similar bone mass accretion is obtained by prepubescent footballers independently of the surface on which they practice football.

Introduction: Since delirium is a major complication that can arise after a patient with a hip fracture has been hospitalized, it is considered to be one of the most common geriatric conditions. Therefore, its prevention and early detection are essential for reducing both the length of the patient’s stay in the hospital and complications during the hospitalization process. Objective: To identify and analyze the predictors for developing delirium in octogenarians who were admitted to hospital for a hip fracture. Methodology: A prospective study conducted with a sample of 287 patients aged 80 years and older (mean age 87.2 ± 3.2 years; 215 women, 72 men), recruited from the Trauma Unit of the University Hospital of León (Spain). Further, 71.1% of the patients lived in a family member’s home, while the other 28.9% lived in a nursing home. After observing each patient’s interactions with their doctor in a clinical setting, the data for this study were obtained by reviewing the selected patients’ charts. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic information (age, sex, and place of residence), medical information (type of hip break and surgical intervention), cognitive impairment (MMSE score), functional level (Barthel Index score), and clinical information (pharmacological, comorbidities, complications, and the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of delirium in a patient). The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between acute confusional state and the following variables: anemia, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) III and IV patients, state of cognitive frailty and functional level, a urinary tract infection, changes in the visual field, renal arterial occlusion, and the type and dosage of drugs administered (this variable was identified in the multivariate model). The inverse relationship between anemia and acute confusional state is surprising. Conclusion: This research shows that clinical observation of acute confusional state is necessary but not sufficient for addressing this condition early and adequately in older adults who have been hospitalized for a hip fracture.

Los problemas de convivencia escolar están presentes en la mayoría de los centros. Este estudio analizó el efecto de un programa para mejorar la convivencia, basado en juegos cooperativos, la función ejecutiva y la inteligencia emocional. Además, se analizó la correlación entre las variables de estudio. Se empleó un diseño pretest-intervención-postest, así como uno descriptivo correlacional. Participaron 49 sujetos de educación primaria (23 chicas y 26 chicos) con una edad media de 10,87 años (DT=0,63). Los resultados obtenidos avalan la eficacia del programa de intervención, disminuyendo los problemas de convivencia. Sin embargo no se pueden establecer correlaciones significativas totales en relación a la función ejecutiva y la inteligencia emocional. Se concluye que la utilización de metodologías cooperativas con niños supone un aval en la disminución de problemas de convivencias en el aula.

Providing correct accessibility on golf courses is key to promoting and facilitating the access to golf practice for people with disabilities. This study aims to analyse the accessibility of golf courses in the Region of Murcia. For this, a quantitative study was carried out utilising a checklist created from the accessibility criteria found in state and regional legislation, which evaluate the accessibility of all 18-hole golf courses in the Region of Murcia. Results indicate that current regulation is not satisfied as the fulfilment of the items is below half (40.88%). The entrance area has the best result with 50.54% of items fulfilled while the locker rooms have the worst result with 34.94%. Overall, the signage and furniture have the lowest percentages. Measures should be taken to improve the accessibility of these facilities.