Objective. To characterize preceptor and student views about and experiences with faculty liaison visits to practice sites during clinical internships. Methods. A survey was administered at the conclusion of each of the first 3 academic years of a new postbaccalaureate doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program. Results. Preceptors were satisfied overall with faculty liaison visits, while students initially were not; however, their perception increased in subsequent years. Students felt development of their patient care skills benefited, but less so their interpersonal communication skills. Each year, almost all preceptors indicated faculty liaison visits were helpful in developing and refining their mentorship skills. Conclusion. Faculty liaison visits provided a valuable opportunity to interact and support preceptors and students during advanced pharmacy internships in a nascent PharmD program.

Chronic interstitial lung diseases in children are a group of rare pulmonary disorders, but a relevant one because of the possible progression to pulmonary fibrosis. Early diagnosis and a long-term, specialized treatment and follow-up are important for the patient outcome. Pediatricians should be aware of these diseases because in many cases diagnosis and treatment are overlooked.

The majority of appraised guidelines were moderately rated, with a 25% of guidelines not recommended for use. Strategies for improvement require the involvement of all key stakeholders (caregivers, patients, and allied health professionals), and consideration of facilitators, barriers and resource implications during implementation. Additionally, critical appraisal of guidelines should become standard practice prior to adoption into clinical settings.

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Objective. To describe the benefits that pharmacy students gain by completing international internships as a part of their pharmacy education. Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted from database inception to November 2016. Articles that reported on any measure of outcome or impact on student learning were included in the study. A meta-ethnographic approach was used to translate and synthesize findings. Results. Analysis of the reported outcomes produced nine distinct themes: cultural awareness, collaboration, communication, clinical skills, knowledge, adaptability, compassion, confidence, and personal growth. Conclusion. Pharmacy students experienced many benefits that align with program competencies. The most frequently described benefits were development of clinical skills and compassion.

Objectives: To describe clinical and diagnostic features and the results of therapeutic conduct in a group of pediatric patients with chronic interstitial lung disease. Methods:A retrospective study of 25 immunocompetent patients, aged 2 months to 17 years, with chronic interstitial lung disease, admitted to the Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital dos Servidores do Estado, over a 20-year period . A routine protocol for persistent chronic pneumonias was used and the patients with interstitial lung disease were selected. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were analyzed. Results:Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with chronic interstitial lung disease, 13 were aged less than 2 years and 17 were male. Diagnoses were made based on history, physical examination and routine tests in one case, based on more complex tests in three cases and based on the results of invasive tests in 21 cases (20 by lung biopsy and one by bronchoalveolar lavage). Except for one patient with pulmonary lymphangiectasia, the long-term treatment (1 to 7 years) consisted of corticosteroid, in six cases associated with hydroxychloroquine. Four patients required home oxygen therapy. The authors followed the patients in the outpatient department (6 a 8 visits/year). Patient outcome was: good (15); regular, with mild sequelae (4); and poor, with severe sequelae (3). One patient was lost in the follow-up period and two died. Conclusions:Chronic interstitial lung diseases in children are a group of rare pulmonary disorders, but a relevant one because of the possible progression to pulmonary fibrosis. Early diagnosis and a long-term, specialized treatment and follow-up are important for the patient outcome. Pediatricians should be aware of these diseases because in many cases diagnosis and treatment are overlooked.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(2):233-240: J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(3):233-240: Chronic interstitial lung diseases, children.

burg e colaboradores, tem o mérito de mostrar que recém-nascidos prematuros com menos de 32 semanas de idade gestacional, em ventilação mecânica com cânula endotraqueal, apresentam alterações clínicas e bioquímicas compatíveis com estresse e que são amenizadas pelo uso de fentanil, sugerindo, portanto, que estejam sentindo dor. O estudo se resume ao uso de uma única dose de fentanil e o acompanhamento desses recém-nascidos durante uma hora após a sua administração. Resta a dúvida se a adequada analgesia desses pacientes durante todo o período de ventilação mecânica poderia tornar a recuperação desses recém-nascidos mais rápida. É importante, entretanto, lembrar que o uso prolongado de fentanil em infusão contínua endovenosa causa síndrome de abstinência em crianças pequenas 6,7 e o desenvolvimento de tolerância farmacoló-gica em recém-nascidos 8 , necessitando o aumento progressivo da dose utilizada.Conclui-se, portanto, que o recém-nascido prematuro sente dor e que ocorrem alterações clínicas e bioquímicas em sua decorrência. A analgesia adequada deve ser utilizada em processos dolorosos agudos. Quanto ao uso de fentanil em infusão contínua durante o processo de ventilação mecânica, convém aguardar novos estudos. Em 1990 a Organização Mundial de Saúde constatou que 32% da população mundial estava infectada pela tuberculose, ou seja, 1,7 bilhão de pessoas, com uma incidência anual de oito milhões de casos novos. No Brasil, no mesmo ano, o Ministério da Saúde estimava em 40 milhões o número de indivíduos infectados, com 100 mil casos novos por ano. "Trocando em miúdos", a tuberculose acomete pelo menos 10 brasileiros a cada hora e mata 14 por dia 1 . Referências bibliográficasAs causas desse quadro tão grave não têm soluções simples, pois suas raízes se aprofundam na magnitude dos problemas sócio-econômicos mundiais e, particularmente, de países como o nosso.Se observarmos ao longo do tempo, retrospectivamente, as estratégias de controle da tuberculose no Brasil, identificaremos fases de luta e omissão, sempre ao sabor das decisões políticas. Mas, muitas foram as pessoas de valor empenhadas na persistência dessa luta, culminando com o avanço, nas últimas duas décadas, do Programa Nacional Contra a Tuberculose, que orientou a padronização de condutas em âmbito nacional, com a implantação do tratamento predominantemente domiciliar, com esquema de curta duração, conseguindo também cobertura vacinal elevada com BCG intradérmico na maioria dos Estados 2 .Todos os avanços técnicos e científicos, contudo, só terão impacto contra a tuberculose quando o Governo e a Sociedade evoluírem, preocupando-se com soluções que resultem em melhor qualidade de vida para todos.Um outro fator de risco importante, a infecção pelo HIV, surgiu na década passada, influenciando mundialmente a elevação dos índices da tuberculose. A interação entre ambas as infecções constitui um sério problema sanitário que elevará muito a morbidade e a mortalidade. Em países desenvolvidos, mas com elevada prevalência desse vírus, já se notifica um número cr...

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