La participación estudiantil en la universidad es un aspecto esencial en el marco del desarrollo de competencias cívicas y sociales de los jóvenes. Sin embargo, dicha participación puede verse en ocasiones mermada a causa de la forma en la que se desarrolla dicha participación, sobre todo, en los contextos digitales que actualmente están imperando en las universidades iberoamericanas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las barreras y facilitadores para la inclusión digital y la participación estudiantil en contextos universitarios iberoamericanos. Para ello, se realiza una revisión sistemática cualitativa de estudios iberoamericanos sobre sendas temáticas. Se utilizó la base de datos Dialnet y, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos, 32 documentos fueron incluidos en la revisión para la extracción de datos y análisis en profundidad para identificar las barreras, facilitadores, propuestas de acción y retos de futuro que se plantean en la literatura. Las universidades iberoamericanas afrontan el reto de diseñar mecanismos que permitan la participación digital inclusiva de todos los grupos de la sociedad que acceden a los estudios superiores. Para ello, es fundamental ofrecer acceso a herramientas digitales esenciales, anclar mecanismos de alfabetización digital para todos los estudiantes y profesorado; y favorecer la investigación de estrategias que favorezcan dicha participación. Todo ello ofrecerá un desarrollo integral de los jóvenes universitarios, favoreciendo el desarrollo de competencias cívicas y sociales.
The studies framed in embodied cognition that analyze the metaphor of temperature and its relationship with the feeling of inclusion or exclusion always do so in the first person. That is, they take the perspective of the protagonist who is made to feel included or excluded to see how it affects his or her body thermally. However, there are no studies in which the participants morally evaluate other protagonists who are the ones who feel the inclusion or exclusion and the temperature, projecting these feelings onto them. This paper analyzes the relationship between terms related to temperature (cold or heat) and the moral judgements made toward a person who helps and another who does not help. All this occurs in a situation in which the person making the judgement is not involved in the first person and has to put themself in the place of the other. In addition, the possible difference in these judgements is examined by comparing children in the fourth grade of primary school with those in the sixth grade. The results indicate that older children give less extreme responses, but these are more influenced by temperature when it comes to morally judging a lack of help. When the behavior is helpful, they judge it morally the same regardless of temperature. In addition, interaction between the two variables appeared. These results have implications in promoting helping in the classroom in order to promote inclusion and represent a useful and accessible resource for such promotion.
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