A artéria labial inferior irriga mucosa, músculos e glândulas labiais. O conhecimento anatômico desta previne complicações em procedimentos labiais estéticos e cirúrgicos. Anomalias referentes à origem, trajeto e presença podem resultar em insucesso ou complicações nos procedimentos. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de agenesia da artéria labial inferior esquerda em cadáver humano adulto, bem como as variações de seu trajeto. A dissecação desta artéria foi realizada no laboratório de anatomia humana da Universidade Tiradentes- UNIT-SE, onde foi constatada sua ausência unilateral, enquanto no lado oposto a artéria teve sua origem, distribuição e trajeto presentes na face conforme a literatura. A artéria substituta foi a artéria mentoniana com emissão de numerosos ramos em forma de feixes. Assim, o profissional de saúde esteja atento e ciente sobre essas variações incomuns que podem evoluir para graves complicações pós procedimentos.
The mylohyoid nerve originates superior to the mandibular foramen and follows its course in an inferior-anterior direction to reach the mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Sensory fibers of this nerve, which correspond to 30% of the total, are spread in the skin of the lower portions of the chin and, eventually, innervate some dental units. The aim of this study is to visually investigate, in 213 dry human mandibles, whether or not there are lingual foramina that indicate anatomic variation of the mylohyoid nerve. Human jaws were analyzed in the human anatomy laboratory at Tiradentes University -UNIT/SE and the results obtained indicate that 76% of them had foramines that suggest the entry of the mylohyoid nerve for innervation of the teeth. The region that most highlighted the foramina index was the premolars on both sides and the sex that most highlighted its presence was male with 61.7%. Regarding the mandibular shape, there is a higher prevalence of foramin in oval-shaped mandibles. In relation to the presence and absence of dentition, the highest rate of this occurred in mandibles with partial edentulism. Thus, we point out the importance of knowing these variations of the mylohyoid nerve, so that the professional can intervene effectively in peri and intraoral surgical procedures.
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