While the significant influence of cultural proximity on bilateral trade flows has been extensively documented in the literature, its possible role in times of crisis has not yet been raised. Relying on a panel estimation of a gravity model incorporating cultural proximity parameters, we evidence the existence of a significant surge in the impact of the different components of cultural proximity during economic recession. The trade resilience among countries sharing a cultural bond is not a pure composition effect as it also appears within product categories. To understand this unexpected effect, we discuss different mechanisms that emphasise the potential mitigating influence of cultural proximity on some determinants of the trade collapse, namely the uncertainty shock, the increased moral hazard and the emergence of ethnocentric preferences.
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. commonly known as Kutki, belongs to family Scrophulariaceae. It is found in the Himalayan regions of China, Pakistan, India, Bhutan and Nepal. It is considered as an important medicinal plant which is mostly used in the traditional medicinal system for asthama, jaundice, fever, malaria, snake bite and liver disorders Different pharmacological activities of P. kurroa include anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, antimutagenic, cardio-protective, hepato-protective, anti-malarial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer and nephro-protective activities were recorded from this plant. So far, Iridoids (Picroside I and II), Cucurbitacins and Phenolic components are the different phytochemicals which are extracted from P. kurroa. The authentification of P. kurroa raw material for commercially available herbal/botanical products is essential and it is done by the DNA fingerprinting of P. kurroa. Because of the over-exploitation of P. kurroa for medicinal purposes, the conservational status of P. kurroa in different regions became endangered. It is the need of the hour to utilize different conservational strategies and save this medicinal wealth from extinction as it is widely used by the local people for curing different diseases and thus it cause immense pressure on the plant population.
Dans cet article nous proposons d’analyser le rôle et l’importance de la langue française sur les flux commerciaux de biens par rapport aux autres types de proximité (géographique, historique, etc.) et de chiffrer son poids économique pour les pays de l’espace francophone (EF), en termes de flux commerciaux et, via le taux d’ouverture au commerce, en termes de PIB par tête et d’emploi. Ainsi, à l’aide d’un modèle de gravité estimé en panel, on constate qu’en moyenne un pays francophone bénéficie d’un supplément de commerce de 22 % avec un autre pays de cet espace, relativement au commerce qu’il aurait avec ce même pays s’il n’était pas francophone. Il apparaît également que l’effet sur le commerce dû au partage du français semble avoir été plus important durant la crise financière de 2008, suggérant que le partage d’une langue favorise l’existence de relations commerciales non seulement plus intenses mais également plus résilientes en période de crise. Une comparaison avec les autres principaux espaces linguistiques (anglophone, lusophone, hispanophone et arabophone) montre que l’impact global de l’appartenance à un espace sur le taux d’ouverture commerciale des pays est assez similaire. Au final, les retombées économiques de l’appartenance à un espace linguistique semblent en moyenne relativement faibles sur le PIB (mais il existe une grande hétérogénéité entre pays d’un même espace) et quasi inexistantes sur l’emploi.
Contemporary globalization has fostered human development but growing interconnectivity between societies has increased systemic risks (Goldin & Mariathasan, 2014;Goldin & Vogel, 2010). Systemic risks are risks associated with large-scale failures or changes of a system (Helbing, 2013). Disruptions originating in one country can quickly spread beyond national borders and affect large parts of the human population. Addressing such threats is considered a global public good, i.e., goods with benefits that extend to all countries (Kaul et al., 1999). In the study of risks with large-scale impacts, research has often focused on wars, natural disasters, and existential risks (Ord, 2020). However, crises affecting human societies are also related to economic and social issues, or the cooccurrence of social and ecological phenomena (Folke et al., 2021). In the early 21st century, the world has experienced several systemic events with global repercussions, including jihadist terrorism and the war on terror (2001), the global financial and economic crisis ( 2008), the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), and the current broader impact of the Russian aggression against Ukraine on energy, food, and security (2022).These events have provided an empirical basis to study systemic crises. This article aims at providing a broader understanding of the nature, causes, mechanisms, and impact of global systemic crises and their implications for global policymaking and governance. Such understanding is essential for the provision of global public goods to prevent, react to, and recover from shocks. The article
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