Introduction: General anaesthesia has been used worldwide since its first public demonstration with ether in 1846. Until a little more than a decade ago, it was believed that the anaesthetic state was limited to the period of exposure. Studies in rats, pigs, and rhesus monkeys have shown that almost all general anaesthetics accelerate the apoptotic process in neurones, oligodendrocytes, and glial cells. Objective: Our aim was to analyse the relationship between general anaesthetics and their role in triggering neuroapoptosis in laboratory animals. Method: A search was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar with the keywords "neurotoxicity" and "general anesthetics" for selecting articles published in the last five years. After having evaluated the abstracts, 77 articles were selected and read by 2 independent investigators. All authors met and discussed the most relevant aspects. Results: All general anaesthetics, when inhaled or administered intravenously, enhance neuroapoptosis, mainly during the gestational and neonatal stages in rats, pigs, and non-human primates. Neurones and oligodendrocytes that are capable of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis are the most affected. General anaesthetics commonly lead to learning and behavioural disorders, in addition to permanent memory deficit. Conclusion: The neurotoxicity of general anaesthetics affects different mammalian species and accelerates the neuroapoptotic process. This deleterious effect involves specific brain areas and occurs in developing neurones. The exceptions are the dentate gyrus and the olfactory bulb, which undergo apoptosis even in adulthood, albeit to a lesser extent.
Introduction: Secure the airway is essential for a safe anesthetic practice and it occurs without difficulties in most cases. However, complications resulting from a failure in the approach used for a difficult airway are the main causes of morbidity and mortality attributable to anesthesia. In an attempt to prevent its severity, it becomes imperative to try to anticipate the difficulty whenever possible. Reports show incidence of difficult airway in approximately 2% of the general population and the ASA recommends the prior identification and the use of algorithms to address this complication. Objective: The objective is to evaluate the knowledge of anesthesiologists from Cariri in relation to the available resources to handle difficult airway in hospitals where they work. Method: Cross-sectional and qualitative study with the use of a questionnaire applied to all anesthesiologists. For this evaluation, we used a questionnaire to all anesthesiologists working in 9 hospitals in the macro-region of Cariri. Results: 27 professionals answered the questionnaire. The prevalence of males was observed and 74% of anesthesiologists do not know the resources available or the protocols of the institutions in which they work.
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