The slag‐corrosion behavior of two alumina–magnesia–carbon refractories (AMC) with different antioxidants (Si and Al) has been comparatively studied by means of thermodynamic simulation and laboratory tests. A cup test (static) at 1723 K and 1873 K and dipping test (dynamic) at 1873 K were carried out using a steelmaking ladle slag. An iterative method that considers the change of the liquid's composition while it penetrates the refractory was employed for the thermodynamic calculation. The simulation as well as the static tests showed similar performance between both refractories (5% of wear at 1723 K and 6% at 1873 K). In spite of the type of antioxidant, the material with smaller particles of magnesia exhibited better performance in the dynamic test, with 55% less wear than the other AMC brick. This behavior was attributed to the faster MgAl2O4 spinel formation, which increased the material's cohesion, especially the matrix, during the heating stage. The Si antioxidant improved oxidation resistance, although it did not have a positive effect on the corrosion resistance of the material in any of the performed tests.
In the basic oxygen steelmaking (BOF) steel is tapped through the tap-hole. This piece is made of MgO-C refractories and may contain metallic agents, such as aluminium, silicon, magnesium or a combination of them. There are different alternatives to improve tap hole performance during service, one of them is to improve refractory material properties according to the main stresses and another one is to optimize the design of the inner channel in order to control steel flow patron and pressure distribution to minimize turbulences. The aim of this paper is to evaluate un-used tap-holes from different sources in order to select the adequate quality in terms of operational requirements and to establish a characterization procedure.
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