SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of nocturia and identify factors associated with it in a community-dwelling population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in subjects aged 45 years or more and registered with a Family Doctor Program. Information was collected about nocturia, other urinary symptoms, physical examination, co-morbidities, demographics, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors. Multiple logistics regression models were developed to analyze associated factors for nocturia according to gender and the number of nocturnal micturitions(≥1 and ≥2). RESULTS Out of the 661 individuals included in the study, 62.3% were women. Among the women, the prevalence rates for nocturia ≥1 time and ≥2 times were, respectively, 68.4% and 49%, whereas, among the men, they were 64.3% and 43.8%. Among the women, nocturia ≥1 time was associated with brown skin, a higher BMI, lower schooling, and calcium channel blockers(CCB) use, while nocturia ≥2 times showed association with higher BMI, lower schooling, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the use of CCB. Among the men, nocturia ≥1 time was associated positively with age, alcohol intake, and OSA, and negatively with angiotensin receptor blockers and beta-blockers use. Besides, nocturia ≥2 times was associated with age, not having health insurance, and OSA. CONCLUSIONS Nocturia is a condition highly prevalent in the studied population. For the female subjects, a higher BMI, lower schooling, and the use of CCB were associated with nocturia regardless of the definition used, whereas, among the men, that same association was found with age, not having health insurance, and OSA.
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic progressive disorder with high mortality and morbidity rate, associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially heart failure (HF). The pathophysiological changes related to OSA can directly affect the diastolic function of the left ventricle. Objectives: To assess the association of the risk of OSA, evaluated by the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), and echocardiographic (ECHO) parameters related to diastolic dysfunction in individuals without HF assisted in primary care. Methods: A cross-sectional study that included 354 individuals (51% women) aged 45 years or older. All individuals selected were submitted to an evaluation that included the following procedures: consultation, filling out the BQ, clinical examination, laboratory examination and transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TDE). Continuous data are presented as medians and interquartile intervals, and categoric variables in absolute and relative frequencies. The variables associated with risk of OSA and at the 0.05 level integrated the gamma regression models with a log link function. A value of p < 0.05 was considered an indicator of statistical significance. Exclusion criteria were presence of HF, to fill out the BQ and patients with hypertension and obesity not classified as high risk for OSA by other criteria. All individuals were evaluated on a single day with the following procedures: medical appointment, BQ, laboratory tests and ECHO. Results: Of the 354 individuals assessed, 63% were classified as having high risk for OSA. The patients with high risk for OSA present significantly abnormal diastolic function parameters. High risk for OSA confirmed positive and statistically significant association, after adjustments, with indicators of diastolic function, such as indexed left atrium volume LAV-i (p = 0.02); E'/A' (p < 0.01), A (p = 0.02), E/A (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our data show that patients at high risk for OSA present worsened diastolic function parameters measured by TDE.
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