PCT has a high negative predictive value (94%) and lower PCT levels seems to be a good tool for excluding coinfection, particularly for patients without shock.
Palabras clave: intervención; payasos de hospital; hospital; niños; ansiedad; malestar psicológico.
ResumenEn este trabajo se revisa la eficacia de las investigaciones basadas en las intervenciones de los payasos de hospital, terapia con mascotas y musicoterapia, para mejorar la situación de los niños en el hospital. Se seleccionaron 22 estudios encontrados en las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science y CSIC, y 3 en referencias bibliográficas, de los cuales 13 utilizaron payasos de hospital, 6 incluyeron terapias con animales y 6 emplearon música. La mayoría de las intervenciones analizadas obtuvieron resultados positivos en la reducción de ansiedad, miedo, dolor, u otras variables. La revisión de los datos señala que la presencia de estas intervenciones en el hospital tiene un efecto positivo sobre la salud y que podrían ser usadas en distintos contextos terapéuticos. Estos resultados contribuyen a la comprensión de la importancia de aproximaciones no farmacológicas en la promoción del bienestar en el entorno hospitalario. Sin embargo, los problemas metodológicos encontrados apoyan la necesidad de seguir desarrollando intervenciones en esta línea.
AbstRActThis paper review the research on the effectiveness of research based on hospital clowns, pet therapy and music therapy interventions, to improve the situation of children in hospital. Twenty-two studies found in PubMed, EBSCOhost, CSIC and Web of Science and three of references were selected, of which 13 used hospital clowns, 6 included animal therapy and 6 used music. Most interventions showed positive results in reducing anxiety, fear, pain, or other variables. The data reviews indicate that these interventions in the hospital setting has a posible health-inducing effect, and could be used in differents therapeutic settings. These results contributes to the current understanding of the importance of non-pharmacological approaches in promoting well-being within hospital settings. However, methodological problems found support the need for further interventions.
Increased alcohol consumption in the Mexican population has lead to serious problems around this addiction. The age of onset of alcohol intake is occurring at younger ages increasingly and first contact with alcohol tends to occur at the beginning of adolescence, a period of life fraught with conflicts. In some cases, the teenager will seek evasion or refuge in drinking, or social acceptance from peers and peer groups. In this critical phase, the individual is trying to forge his or her own identity and tends to rebel against figures of authority. All of this leads to a variety of behaviors that many times disregard possible consequences on oneself, one’s family and one’s community. By adopting a gender perspective, this article attempts to provide some insight as to how men and women develop problem-drinking, factors that may bear an effect on its occurrence, as well as to highlight some actions points that may help to solve and prevent this adverse problem
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