The bird fauna of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is exceptionally diverse and threatened, with high levels of endemism. Available lists of the endemic birds of the Atlantic Forest were generated before recent taxonomic revisions lumped or split species and before the recent increase in species occurrence records. Our objective, therefore, was to compile a new list of the endemic birds of the Atlantic Forest, characterize these species in terms of conservation status and natural history traits, and map remaining vegetation and protected areas. We combined GIS analysis with a literature search to compile a list of endemic species and, based on the phylogeny and distribution of these species, characterized areas in terms of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and endemism. We identified 223 species of birds endemic to the Atlantic Forest, including 12 species not included in previous lists. In addition, 14 species included in previous lists were not considered endemic, either because they occur outside the Atlantic Forest biome or because they are not considered valid species. The typical Atlantic Forest endemic bird is a small forest-dependent invertivore. Of the species on our list, 31% are considered threatened or extinct. Only~34% of the spatial analysis units had > 10% forest cover, and protected area coverage was consistently low (< 1%). In addition, we found spatial incongruity among the different measures of biodiversity (species richness, relative phylogenetic diversity, restricted-range species, and irreplaceability). Each of these measures provides information concerning different aspects of biological diversity. However, regardless of which aspect(s) of biodiversity might be considered most important, preservation of the remaining areas of remnant vegetation and further expansion of protected areas are essential if we are to conserve the many endemic species of birds in the Atlantic Forest. 6 Corresponding author. considerados m as importantes, la preservaci on de las areas de vegetaci on remanentes y una mayor expansi on de las areas protegidas son esenciales si nuestra intenci on es conservar las muchas especies de aves end emicas del Bosque Atl antico.

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Despite the widespread use of ecological niche models (ENMs) for predicting the responses of species to climate change, these models do not explicitly incorporate any population‐level mechanism. On the other hand, mechanistic models adding population processes (e.g. biotic interactions, dispersal and adaptive potential to abiotic conditions) are much more complex and difficult to parameterize, especially if the goal is to predict range shifts for many species simultaneously. In particular, the adaptive potential (based on genetic adaptations, phenotypic plasticity and behavioral adjustments for physiological responses) of local populations has been a less studied mechanism affecting species’ responses to climatic change so far. Here, we discuss and apply an alternative macroecological framework to evaluate the potential role of evolutionary rescue under climate change based on ENMs. We begin by reviewing eco‐evolutionary models that evaluate the maximum sustainable evolutionary rate under a scenario of environmental change, showing how they can be used to understand the impact of temperature change on a Neotropical anuran species, the Schneider's toad Rhinella diptycha. Then we show how to evaluate spatial patterns of species’ geographic range shift using such models, by estimating evolutionary rates at the trailing edge of species distribution estimated by ENMs and by recalculating the relative amount of total range loss under climate change. We show how different models can reduce the expected range loss predicted for the studied species by potential ecophysiological adaptations in some regions of the trailing edge predicted by ENMs. For general applications, we believe that parameters for large numbers of species and populations can be obtained from macroecological generalizations (e.g. allometric equations and ecogeographical rules), so our framework coupling ENMs with eco‐evolutionary models can be applied to achieve a more accurate picture of potential impacts from climate change and other threats to biodiversity.

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Poucos estudos têm avaliado a capacidade de deslocamento das espécies na matriz, contribuindo para o acúmulo ao longo dos anos de abordagens que utilizavam uma espécie alvo para representar e proteger a biodiversidade local. Recentemente, a abordagem de 'perfis ecológicos', busca preencher algumas lacunas deixadas pelas outras abordagens, levando em conta três eixos de características (tipo de ecossistema, exigências de área e capacidade de deslocamento na matriz) de espécies alvo, que possam representar uma gama de espécies que não possuam essas informações e demandem necessidades ecológicas 'similares'. Nesse estudo, realizamos um estudo cienciométrico com enfoque na temática deslocamento na matriz para espécies que ocorrem na Mata Atlântica e avaliamos o possível uso da abordagem de perfis ecológicos no bioma. Em uma visão global, o Brasil contribui com menos de 0,005% do que é publicado mundialmente sobre a temática, o que permite concluirmos que a contribuição brasileira ainda é recente e reduzida. Para a Mata Atlântica, encontramos 24 artigos publicados até janeiro de 2010, dos quais apenas 15 apresentaram valores explícitos de deslocamento na matriz para espécies desse bioma. Dentre esses 15, o objetivo mais comum foi avaliar a dispersão de espécies (capacidade de atravessar a matriz passando de um habitat para outro). Os mamíferos não-voadores foram o grupo mais frequente nos trabalhos e as aves apresentaram o maior número de espécies estudadas. Provavelmente pela maior facilidade de captura e maior ocorrência em fragmentos florestais, apenas aves e pequenos mamíferos foram estudados, resultando em baixos valores de deslocamento na matriz encontrados para espécies da Mata Atlântica. Além disso, essa contribuição apresenta um forte viés regional, onde o estado do Rio de Janeiro contribui com toda a informação sobre a temática para os mamíferos não-voadores e São Paulo para as aves. Considerando todos os estudos analisados, embora diversos aspectos sobre a temática tenham sido enfocados, fica patente que o conhecimento sobre a capacidade de deslocamento na matriz ainda é muito restrito. Este fato, aliado à carência de informação sobre exigências de área das espécies, torna praticamente impossível a adoção da abordagem de perfis ecológicos na Mata Atlântica, pelo menos em curto prazo. Palavras-chave: Conectividade funcional; gap crossing; capacidade perceptual; Ecologia de Paisagens; cienciometria. ABSTRACT INTER-HABITAT MOVIMENT FOR ATLANTIC FOREST SPECIES AND THE DIFICULTY TO BUILD ECOPROFILES. Few studies have evaluated the animals' capacity of inter-patch movement, which contributed to the buildup over the years of approaches that use a target species to represent and protect the DESLOCAMENTO NA MATRIZ PARA ESPÉCIES DA MATA ATLÂNTICA

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