The aim of this study was to verify the applicability and accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography in detecting malignancy in dog cutaneous neoplasms. Forty-two neoplasms (12 benign and 30 malignant) of mesenchymal, round cells, epithelial and melanocytic origins from 24 dogs of different breeds and ages were included. The ultrasound evaluation was performed with a linear multi-frequency transducer (7.0 to 12MHz), with frequency dependent on the mass dimension. Ultrasonographic characteristics of echogenicity (hypo/hyperechogenic), echotexture (homogeneous/heterogeneous), regularity, invasiveness in adjacent tissues were classified. Dimensions were also measured to calculate the depth/width ratio. Neoplasms were classified as malignant or benign after cytological and/or histopathological analysis and the results were associated with ultrasound characteristics. There was a significant association (P<0.05) between malignancy and echogenicity, echotexture and invasiveness in adjacent tissues, so that 84.6% of hypoechogenic neoplasms, 76.9% of heterogeneous masses and 88.2% of invasive neoplasms were classified as malignant. However, for all these associations, moderate predictive values were obtained, which may be due to the small experimental number included in this study. Therefore, although it has been observed that hypoechogenic, heterogeneous and invasive neoplasms were more prone to malignancy, these findings should be used with caution until new studies are developed with a greater number and variety of cutaneous neoplasms in dogs.

The goal of this study was to develop a method for ultrasound-guided percutaneous intraovarian injection in Wistar rats.Intraovarian administration of chemicals or needle aspiration of the ovary has been undertaken in some species, includinghumans, equines, and bovines. In rodents, which are widely used in scientific research, a technique for intraovarian injectionwithout surgical exposure of the organ has not been described. The current study standardized the procedure of ovarianpercutaneous injection of 0.9% sodium chloride guided by ultrasound in rats. The ovaries were measured by ultrasoundimaging before and immediately after injection and showed a significant increase in ovarian length but not width. No clinical abnormalities were detected within 15 d after injection. These findings indicate that the steps of ultrasound localization of the organ, digital restraint, and correct needle insertion achieved successful intraovarian administration of saline without invasive surgery. These results document the feasibility of ultrasound-guided intraovarian percutaneous injection in rats and may be useful for future research on female reproduction and chemical sterilization.

Background: The use of peripheral intravenous devices can lead to infections and increase the length of hospital care worldwide in humans and animals. Antisepsis is indicated in several ambulatory and surgical procedures. Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic widely used in veterinary clinical practice. Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the antiseptic effect of chlorhexidine nanoemulsion at 0,25% (NM-Cl) in cat skin and to compare it with the chlorhexidine commercial solution at 2.0% (CS-Cl). After a wide trichotomy of the thoracic limbs, the skin antisepsis was performed with NM-Cl or CS-Cl and a catheter was inserted at the cephalic vein. Cutaneous microbiota swab samples (CMSS) were obtained before antisepsis (Tpre), immediately after antisepsis (Tpost), and four, eight, and 24 hours after antisepsis. The samples collected were immediately inoculated in blood agar plates and incubated at 35±2ºC in aerobiosis. The manual counting of the colony-forming unit (CFU) was performed 24 hours after inoculation. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times. Result: The NM-Cl and CS-Cl groups showed a reduction in the CFU between the Tpre and Tpost in all animals (p<0.001). Both formulations presented an antiseptic effect 24 hours after antisepsis (p<0.05), and there was no difference between formulations at the different times (p<0.05). Nonetheless, the NM-Cl carried a lowers concentration of chlorhexidine than CS-Cl. Conclusion: The results showed that NM-Cl presents effective antiseptic action and a prolonged residual effect in the cat venipuncture antisepsis. Studies have been carried out to investigate the NM-Cl in veterinary routine.