Plana-Ripoll et al. A comprehensive analysis of mortality-related health metrics associated with mental disorders. 1A comprehensive analysis of mortality-related health metrics associated with mental disorders: a nationwide, register-based cohort study

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This meta-analysis assesses whether the variability in symptom onset of Alzheimer disease in Down syndrome is similar to autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and its association with mortality.

Anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) may affect concentration levels and composition of biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA) through photochemical reactions with biogenic organic precursors to form organosulfates and nitrooxy organosulfates. We investigated this influence in a field study from 19 May to 22 June, 2011 at two sampling sites in Denmark. Within the study, we identified a substantial number of organic acids, organosulfates and nitrooxy organosulfates in the ambient urban curbside and semi-rural background air. A high degree of correlation in concentrations was found among a group of specific organic acids, organosulfates and nitrooxy organosulfates, which may originate from various precursors, suggesting a common mechanism or factor affecting their concentration levels at the sites. It was proposed that the formation of those species most likely occurred on a larger spatial scale, with the compounds being long-range transported to the sites on the days with the highest concentrations. The origin of the long-range transported aerosols was investigated using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model in addition to modeled emissions of related precursors, including isoprene and monoterpenes using the global Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) and SO 2 emissions using the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) database. The local impacts were also studied by examining the correlation between selected species, which showed significantly enhanced concentrations at the urban curbside site and the local concentrations of various gases, including SO 2 , ozone (O 3 ), NO x , aerosol acidity and other meteorological conditions. This investigation showed that an inter-play of the local parameters such as the aerosol acidity, NO x , SO 2 , relative humidity (RH), temperature and global radiation seemed to affect the concentration level of those species, suggesting the influence of aqueous aerosol chemistry. The local impacts, however, seemed minor compared to the regional impacts. The total concentrations of organosulfates and nitrooxy organosulfates, on average, contributed to approximately 0.5-0.8 % of PM 1 mass at the two sampling sites.

IMPORTANCE The association of mental disorders with premature mortality published in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies has been underestimated because these analyses have recommended using only a small number of mental disorders as causes of death to estimate years of life lost (YLL). Alternative methods have been introduced, such as estimating life-years lost (LYL), to compare individuals with mental disorders with the general population. OBJECTIVES To generate register-based YLL and LYL estimates and to use these measurement methods to assess the association of specific mental disorders with premature mortality.