ABSTRACT.Purpose: We aimed to study the stability and the in vitro antibacterial potency of ceftazidime and vancomycin eyedrops against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, under different storage temperatures and light conditions. Methods: Solutions of ceftazidime 50 mg ⁄ ml and vancomycin 50 mg ⁄ ml were prepared by reconstituting with balanced salt solution (BSS Ò ) and stored at 4°C and at 24°C with and without exposure to light. The minimum bactericidal concentrations against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were measured to evaluate the antimicrobial potency over a 4-week period. Changes in the pH values and physical characteristics of the solutions were recorded over the same period of time.Results: The antibacterial potency of ceftazidime decreased significantly from days 3 and 7 onwards at storage temperatures of 24°C and 4°C, respectively, but was not affected by light exposure. The pH value progressed from acidic to alkaline, peaking at day 3, in all solutions. The antibacterial potency of vancomycin remained stable during the 4-week period, but its pH showed a slight progression from acidic to less acidic, in all solutions.
Conclusions: Ceftazidime eyedrops in BSSÒ appear to remain effective against P. aeruginosa for ‡ 7 days when stored at 4°C, but were less effective when stored at 24°C. Loss of antibacterial potency coincides with the appearance of visual and olfactory signs of degradation. The transient rise in pH at day 3 is a matter of possible concern, however, as it may affect patient tolerance. By contrast, vancomycin eyedrops in BSS Ò can be safely used for ‡ 4 weeks, stored at either 4°C or 24°C.
Background:
Congenital aplasia of major salivary glands is a very rare entity, especially if it concerns an ipsilateral aplasia in a nonsyndromic patient.
Key points from the case:
The aim of this report is to present a case of an aplasia of the left submandibular gland, which was incidentally diagnosed during presurgical imaging for an ipsilateral sublingual ranula. Histopathological evidence of the lack of sublingual gland tissue in the excised specimen of the ranula is discussed.
Main lessons to be learned from this case report:
Unilateral submandibular aplasia has unknown etiology. Clinicians should be aware of this condition mainly to be able to differentially diagnose a hypertrophy/dysplasia of the contralateral or other major salivary glands, or when xerostomia is the main patient's symptom.
markers Calretinin and WT-1 are not so intensely expressed in cases of sarcomatous subtype, compared to the epithelial subtype, and may as well be positive in sarcoma or sarcomatoid carcinoma. The combination of immunohistochemistry, morphology and clinical-imaging findings should be estimated for the final diagnosis.
while the primary location in the lung is rare, accounting for only <0.04-0.2% of lung malignancies. Because of its rarity and submucosal location, patients are usually falsely treated for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, resulting in delayed treatment of the carcinoma. The typical morphology consists of small to medium-sized cells, in a tubular, cribiform or solid pattern of growth, rare mitoses and frequent perineural invasion. Cytokeratins and p63 are expressed positively, while there is a lack of TTF-1 expression; findings, which will guide the differential diagnosis from lung adenocarcinoma. It is equally important to rule out metastasis from other organs. Background: To report the case of a male patient, 76, who presented with hoarseness, cough, and hemoptysis. The imaging examinations demonstrated a mass emerging from the trachea wall. A bronchoscopy and tissue biopsy was undertaken. The microscopic examination revealed a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung, a rare carcinoma, which belongs to salivary gland-type tumours. Methods: We received 2 pale-white specimens, 0.8-1.5 cm in greatest diameter. Apart from the hematoxylin-eosin stain, we conducted histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. Results: The microscopic examination of the tissue revealed a case of a low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
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