Our center has attempted to minimize corticosteroid (CS) use in all of our orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) recipients. Because patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) typically require CSs after transplantation, we reviewed our experience in this cohort of patients to determine (1) patient outcomes including recurrent disease and (2) long-term requirements for CS use in AIH patients. From 1988From to 2006From , 1102 OLTs were performed in 1032 adult patients at the University of Colorado, of whom 66 (6%) with AIH received 68 allografts. Recurrence was defined by a clinically worsening examination and histological evidence from biopsy. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate predictors of CS withdrawal. Twelve potential predictors of CS discontinuation were considered: age, gender, presence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type of graft (cadaver or living donor), recurrence of AIH, warm ischemia time, follow-up time (time since transplant), and immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil). Overall survival at 5 years was 91%. The 1-and 5-year recurrence-free survival was 88% and 59%, respectively. Risk (incidence) of recurrent AIH at 1, 3, and 5 years was 12%, 26%, and 36%, respectively. Disease recurred in 23 of 66 patients or 34.8%. Of the 23 patients who developed recurrent disease, none received a second transplant because of recurrent disease. CSs were withdrawn in 50% of patients at the time of review. Only 2 factors on multivariate analysis were strongly associated negatively with CS withdrawal: (1) an increasing dose of the immunosuppressant and (2) the presence of IBD. Controlling for these other factors, we found that recurrent disease did not strongly influence CS withdrawal. In conclusion, outcomes in AIH patients were quite favorable, and none of the patients required retransplantation for recurrent AIH. With a CS minimization approach, one-half of the patients were able to remain CS-free. Liver Transpl 14:1281-1286, 2008. © 2008 AASLD. Received November 7, 2007 accepted February 26, 2008. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the treatment of choice for selected patients with end-stage liver disease secondary to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). 1 AIH is an unresolving inflammation of the liver of unknown etiology that may progress to liver failure. Histologically, the diagnosis requires infiltration of portal tracts by plasma cells, piecemeal necrosis, and bridging necrosis. 2 Recurrence of AIH following OLT is a well-recognized problem. A recent review estimated that 23% of liver transplant recipients with AIH develop recurrent disease. 3 The natural history of AIH after liver transplantation continues to evolve as the number of patients and follow-up interval continue to increase. At present, it is unclear which clinical and/or pathologic variables including immunosuppression may be predictive of disease recurrence after transplant.In the mid 1990s, our center initiated a prednisonewithdrawal protocol for tra...