Sintomatología depresiva y control metabólico en pacientes ambulatorios portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 MARÍA JOSÉ VALENZUELA 1 , BÁRBARA MÜNZENMAYER 2 , TOMÁS OSORIO 2 , MARCELO ARANCIBIA 3,4,5 , EVA MADRID 3,4,5,a Association between depressive symptoms and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus show a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms when compared to healthy people, hampering the management and prognosis of both diseases. However, national studies on the topic are scarce. Aim: To study the frequency and severity of depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: Beck Depression Inventory-IA and Morisky Green Levine scale were administered to diabetic patients under control at a primary care center. Pharmacological compliance was evaluated using glycosylated hemoglobin levels obtained from their clinical records. Results: We included 323 patients aged 64 ± 12 years (49% women). The frequency of depressive symptoms was 34.7%. Compared with their counterparts without depressive symptoms, patients with depression showed higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels (7.2 ± 1.7 and 6.7 ± 1.3% respectively), a higher frequency of non-compliance with treatment (63 and 43% respectively) and a higher frequency of metabolic decompensation (38 and 23% respectively). Depressive symptomatology was more common among women. Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and depressive symptoms exhibit a poorer treatment compliance and worse metabolic control as compared to their non-depressive counterparts.
Este artículo parte de la reflexión acerca de la vulneración de derechos de las personas con discapacidad, al desconocer que la sexualidad y afectividad también son fundamentales en sus vidas y configuran el ejercicio de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos; sin embargo, se han logrado importantes avances para su reconocimiento como sujetos titulares de derechos y generado múltiples normas que reivindican su titularidad y garantía; no obstante, estudios adelantados en Colombia y en el mundo, evidencian la persistencia de barreras fundamentadas en el desconocimiento, discriminación y falsas creencias sobre dichos aspectos de las personas con discapacidad. El interés del estudio fue indagar mediante una encuesta, los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de padres, madres y cuidadores de adolescentes con discapacidad cognitiva de una institución educativa especializada de Bogotá, para que los resultados contribuyan a fortalecer capacidades de las familias y de instituciones con acciones pedagógicas que fomenten la garantía de derechos y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de esta población.
The distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A and 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptors in the visual cortex was studied by quantitative autoradiography during postnatal development. Overall, receptor densities increased throughout development, but exhibited regional rearrangements, particularly in the case of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptors. Neonatal treatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, which causes selective degeneration of serotoninergic neurons, had no effect on the density of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors in the visual cortex. However, a transient increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine1B at postnatal days 10-12 was observed after this treatment, suggesting a regulation of postsynaptic receptors. Neonatal enucleation resulted in a marked increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine1B binding sites in all layers of the visual cortex by P16, whereas it had no effect upon 5-hydroxytryptamine1A binding sites. These results show that both receptor subtypes do not exhibit striking transient features in the visual cortex during postnatal development, but rather undergo discrete reorganizations. 5-Hydroxytryptamine1B receptors show changes in density after either neonatal degeneration of serotoninergic neurons or enucleation, indicating that the serotoninergic system involving this receptor subtype can exhibit some postnatal plasticity in the visual cortex.
La aparición de enfermedades crónicas impacta en la calidad de vida, el bienestar y el funcionamiento de las personas adultas mayores, de allí la necesidad de potencializar las cualidades y recursos psicológicos que incidan de forma positiva en su calidad de vida. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la investigación fue describir los niveles de resiliencia, optimismo, esperanza y sentido de vida en el adulto mayor con o sin enfermedad crónica. El diseño del estudio es de tipo descriptivo correlacional, de corte transversal por encuesta. Para ello, se trabajó con 200 personas, 100 que presentaban una enfermedad crónica y 100 que no la presentaban, seleccionadas mediante muestreo no aleatorio de sujetos disponibles, residentes en Bogotá. El análisis se realizó con base en los siguientes instrumentos: Cuestionario Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10), Escala de Optimismo Disposicional (DIOP), Escala de esperanza para adultos AHS (Adult hope scale) y Test de Propósito Vital (PIL). Los resultados indican que el adulto mayor con enfermedad crónica presenta menores niveles de resiliencia, optimismo, esperanza y propósito de vida, en comparación con el adulto mayor sin enfermedad crónica.
Objectives:The purpose of this article was to evaluate the association between fetal cystic hygroma detected in the first trimester of pregnancy and cytogenetic abnormalities, and the long-term prognosis. Methods: We studied the outcome of fetuses in whom cystic hygroma was diagnosed in the first and early second-trimester of pregnancy using transvaginal ultrasonography (3D/4D ultrasonography). 295 fetuses between 8,0 and 14,0 weeks of gestation diagnosed as having a nuchal hygroma were evaluated ultrasonographically (3D/4D ultrasonography) and karyotyped with transabdominal chorionic villous sampling. Those with a normal karyotype were ultrasonographically monitored throughout the pregnancy to document the resolution of the hygroma. Results: 145 (48,5%) of 295 fetuses were found to have a normal karyotype and 45 of these were aborted electively. The hygromas resolved in 58 of these karyotypicaly normal fetuses within four weeks of initial diagnosis and they were phenotypically normal at birth. 150 (51,5%) fetuses were karyotypically abnormal with Trisomy 21 being the most common abnormality. 95 (63,3%) fetuses had septated cystic hygroma -68 (71,6%) of them with pathological karotype.Conclusions: Prenatal cytogenetic analysis should be offered to women with fetal cystic hygroma diagnosed in the first trimester. A normal outcome is likely in those without chromosome abnormalities. EP06.18Current prenatal screening efficacy of Trisomy 21, 18 13 in the Taiwan: a 6-year national registry study Objectives: To evaluate of the prenatal screening efficacy of Trisomy 21, 18 13 in the Taiwan. Methods: This was a national registry-based cohort study, the total 1,218,851 baby births since January 2010 to December 2015. The current prenatal screening methods including the first trimester combined test, the secondary trimester quadruple and double serum test in Taiwan. The indication of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis including: advanced maternal age (35 years and older at expected time of delivery), abnormal first trimester combined or second trimester serum screening risk higher than 1/270 on the basis both of tests, ultrasound scan abnormalities suggestive of a chromosomal abnormality, neural tube defect or elevated MS-AFP, parents with chromosomal balanced rearrangements, previous baby with chromosomal or congenital abnormality, have family history of DNA abnormality or metabolic disorder, and miscellaneous. Personal registration numbers of women having had an amniocentesis or a CVS were retrieved from the Taiwan Central Cytogenetic Registry, and cross-linked with the National Registry of Patients to determine the outcome of each pregnancy. Results: We estimated the total invasive prenatal diagnosis was 299,917 (amniocentesis n=298,063; chorionic villus sampling n=1,604; cordocentesis n=238), and the overall invasive procedure rate was 24.59%. The population prevalence in Trisomy 21, 18, and 13 is one in 624, 2232, and 8055 respectively. The prenatal detection Trisomy 21, 18, and 13 had 1794, 534, and 145 cases and had 15...
Resumen. El objetivo del estudio indaga por las características del contexto que rodea a los adolescentes con discapacidad cognitiva con relación a la sexualidad y afectividad, define las capacidades y competencias que deben fortalecerse en las familias en el tema y diseña un modelo pedagógico para hacerlo. Tiene como marco la Convención Internacional de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, que establece como uno de sus principios la garantía y el ejercicio pleno de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las personas con discapacidad. De allí la pregunta: ¿Es posible promover el desarrollo de la sexualidad y la afectividad de adolescentes con discapacidad cognitiva, a través de un modelo de formación en dichos aspectos a padres y madres de familia? Del estudio se concluye que a pesar de los avances que se han venido presentando en las últimas décadas, aún persisten diversos mitos, actitudes y prácticas discriminatorias en sexualidad y afectividad, tanto en la sociedad como en la familia misma. Tampoco los padres y madres poseen las capacidades y competencias para orientar adecuadamente. Por tanto, el modelo de formación contribuye de manera significativa a mejorar la calidad de vida de adolescentes con discapacidad cognitiva y a sus familias, así como dotar a la comunidad científica y a las instituciones relacionadas con dicha temática, de una estrategia técnico-pedagógica validada.
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