Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of two vision screeners by a visual examination performed by an optometrist (gold standard) and to evaluate the concordance between both screeners and between each screener and the gold standard. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included computer workers who attended a routine yearly health examination. The study included administrative office workers (n=91) aged 50.2±7.9 years (mean±standard deviation), 69.2% of whom were women and 68.1% of whom used video display terminals (VDT) for >4 h/day. The routine visual examination included monocular and binocular distance visual acuity (VA), distance and near lateral phoria (LP), stereo acuity (SA), and color vision. Tests were repeated with Optec 6500 (by Stereo Optical) and Visiotest (by Essilor) screeners. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and false positive and negative rates were calculated. Kappa coefficient (κ) was used to measure the concordance of the screeners and the gold standard. Results: The sensitivity and specificity for monocular VA were over 80% for both vision screeners; PPV was below 25%. Sensitivity and specificity were lower for SA (55%-70%), PPV was 50%, and NPV was 75% for both screeners. For distance LP, sensitivity and PPV were <10% in both cases. The screeners differed in their values for near LP: Optec 6500 had higher sensitivity (43.5%), PPV (37.0%), and NPV (79.7%); whereas the Visiotest had higher specificity (83.8%). For color vision, Visiotest showed low sensitivity, low PPV, and high specificity. Visiotest obtained false positive rates that were lower or similar to Optec 6500, and both screeners obtained false negative rates below 50%. Both screeners showed poor concordance (κ<0.40). Conclusions: A high value for NPV would qualify both screeners as acceptable alternatives for visual health surveillance when used as a screening tool; patients with positive test results should be referred to a specialist.
RESUMENObjetivo. Las elevadas exigencias psicosociales y físicas de los trabajadores de los Centros de Educación Especial (CEE), conllevan una alta implicación y pueden desencadenar situaciones de estrés y discapacidad laboral. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la discapacidad laboral auto-percibida y su relación con variables sociodemográficas, laborales y de salud, en una muestra de trabajadores de este colectivo.Métodos. Estudio transversal realizado con trabajadores (n=40) de un CEE de Murcia (España). Se utilizó la versión en castellano del WRFQ para medir la capacidad laboral auto-percibida, y un cuestionario ad hoc para variables sociodemográficas, laborales y de salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables estudiadas. Las diferencias entre grupos se estudiaron mediante las pruebas U de MannWhitney, T de Student y Kruskal-Wallis.Resultados. La edad media de los participantes fue 40,15 ± 10,53 años, el 82,5% fueron mujeres, el 60% usuarios de ordenador y el 92,50% realizaba atención directa a niños. Las subescalas de exigencias de la producción y exigencias físicas obtuvieron los peores resultados. Presentaron puntuaciones inferiores los trabajadores <40 años en las subescalas de gestión del tiempo (p=0,002) y exigencias de producción (p=0,01); los que empleaban ordenador en gestión del tiempo (p<0,001), exigencias de la producción (p<0,001) y exigencias psicológicas (p=0,005); así como la categoría laboral de directivo y sanitario.Conclusiones. El nivel de discapacidad laboral auto-percibida es bajo, siendo las subescalas exigencias de la producción y exigencias físicas las peor valoradas. Las condiciones de trabajo relacionadas con un mayor grado de discapacidad laboral auto-percibida son el uso de ordenador, la categoría laboral y el manejo de cargas.PALABRAS CLAVE: Capacidad de Trabajo, Funcionamiento en el trabajo, Educación especial, Cuestionario auto-reportado, Discapacidad laboral, Demandas del trabajo, Exigencias del trabajo. SELF-PERCEIVED WORK DISABILITY IN A SCHOOL OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS ABSTRACTAims. Increased psychosocial and physical demands of the Special Education Centers (SEC) workers can also lead to intense involvement, triggering stressful and to trigger stress situations and potentially work disability. The objective of this study was to assess the self-perceived occupational disability and its relation with socio-demographic, occupational and health variables with in a sample of this these workers.
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