The authors have compared the ability of two non-SH-containing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (enalaprilat and lisinopril) with an -SH containing ACE inhibitor (captopril) to scavenge the hydroxyl radical (.OH). All three compounds were able to scavenge .OH radicals generated in free solution at approximately diffusion-controlled rates (10(10) M-1 s-1) as established by the deoxyribose assay in the presence of EDTA. The compounds also inhibited deoxyribose degradation in reaction mixtures which did not contain EDTA but not so effectively. This later findings also suggests that they have some degree of metal-binding capability. Chemiluminescence assays of oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase in the presence of luminol, confirm that the three ACE inhibitors are oxygen free radical scavengers. Our results indicate that the presence of a sulphydryl group in the chemical structure of ACE inhibitors is not relevant for their oxygen free radical scavenging ability.

Sulfur analogues of dehydrotryptophan (5−7) were prepared in moderate to good yields (40−80%) by Suzuki cross coupling [Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , Na 2 CO 3 or NaHCO 3 , DME/H 2 O, 90°C] of several benzo[b]thiophene boronic acids with the methyl esters of N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-β-bromodehydroalanine [Boc-∆Ala(β-Br)-OMe] or N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-β-bromodehydroaminobutyric acid [Boc-∆Abu(β-Br)-OMe]. The β-bromodehydroamino acid precursors 2 were, in turn, synthesized in high yields from the corresponding N,N-diacyldehydroamino acids 1 by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)

The medical record is an essential tool for clinic management. Its contributions are invaluable: as an informational support, as a communication tool, as a medical care evaluator and as a research and traineeship contributor. In General Practice it is critical to create an organized and sustainable data storage for medical care. That need brings to discussion the relevance of using the old fashioned methods, especially SOAP, and its adaptability towards the new record applications. This article highlights SOAP strengths and flaws, suggesting some strategies to overturn them.

Two methylated thienocarbazoles and two of their synthetic nitro-precursors have been examined by absorption, luminescence, laser flash photolysis and photoacoustic techniques. Their spectroscopic and photophysical characterization involves fluorescence spectra, fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and phosphorescence spectra and phosphorescence lifetimes for all the compounds. Triplet-singlet difference absorption spectra, triplet molar absorption coefficients, triplet lifetimes, intersystem crossing S1 --> T1 and singlet molecular oxygen yields were obtained for the thienocarbazoles. In the case of the thienocarbazoles it was found that the lowest-lying singlet and triplet excited states, S1 and T1, are of pi,pi* origin, whereas for their precursors S1 is n,pi*, and T1 is pi,pi*. In both thienocarbazoles it appears that the thianaphthene ring dictates the S1 --> T1 yield, albeit there is less predominance of that ring in the triplet state of the linear thienocarbazole, which leads to a decrease in the observed phiT value.

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of (1-methylindol-2-yl)zinc chloride (1) with 2-(bromoethenyl)arenes 2a-e provides 2-(2-arylethenyl)-1-methylindoles 3a-e in good yields. The alkenes (Z)-2b,c,e are coupled with retention of stereochemistry. With (Z)-ß-bromo-4-nitrostyrene [(Z)-2d], only (E)-3d is obtained whose structure has been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.As compared to 3-vinylindoles, 2-vinylindoles have only recently been recognized as useful building blocks in the synthesis of annullated or otherwise functionalized indoles as well as alkaloids. 1-3 In the course of a project directed towards the synthesis of bioisosters of antitumoractive pyridocarbazoles, we needed 2-(2-arylethenyl)-1-methylindoles with Z-configuration at the olefinic C=C bond. It appears that only a few such compounds are known. They were synthesized by intermolecular Wittig reaction, 4,5 by intramolecular Peterson olefination, 6 by the reaction of 2-methylindole-3-carboxylates with ketones or aldehydes, 7 by the reaction of (1-methylindol-2-yl)cyanocuprate with a ß-styryliodonium salt, 8 and in low yield by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of triethyl-(1-methylindol-2-yl)borate with ß-bromostyrene. 9 Leaving aside the last two procedures (no stereochemistry reported 10 ), the E-alkene dominates or is formed exclusively in these preparations. Only for 2-[2-(2-or 4-pyridyl)ethenyl]indoles, the Z-and E-diastereomers have been separated and characterized spectroscopically. 4,11 Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of metalated arenes with vinyl halides occur in general with retention of configuration of the olefinic component. 12 Since efficient coupling reactions involving p-excessive heteroaromatics closely related to 1-methylindole under Neghishi conditions 13 have been reported (e.g. arylvinylation of HetZnCl, Het = imidazol-4-yl; 14 arylation of HetZnCl, Het = 1-methylpyrrol-2-yl 15 ), we generated (1-methylindol-2-yl)zinc chloride (1) by lithiation of 1-methylindole and transmetalation with ZnCl 2 . Its Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling with commercial ß-bromostyrene (2a, E/Z = 90:10) gave the desired 2-vinylindole 3a with complete retention of stereochemistry (E/Z = 89:11). After chromatographic workup only the (E)-isomer was isolated (Scheme 1). Scheme 1The alkenes (Z)-2b-e were readily prepared from the known 1-aryl-2,2-dibromoalkenes 4 16 (Scheme 2) in analogy to a published procedure. 17 They were obtained diastereomerically pure ( 1 H NMR), and the cis-relationship was established by the value of the 3 J(H,H) coupling constant (8.0-8.3 Hz). Scheme 2The cross-coupling of 1 with bromoalkenes (Z)-2b-e was achieved with catalytic amounts of (Ph 3 P) 4 Pd (2.2 mol%) in THF at 65 o C and gave the expected 2-arylvinyl-1-methylindoles 3 in 64-91% yield (Table). While the coupling reaction leading to 3b,c,e occurred with retention of stereochemistry and furnished the desired (Z)-isomers, we were surprised to obtain exclusively (E)-3d from (Z)-ß-bromo-4-nitrostyrene [(Z)-2d]. The diastereomers can be di...