Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a clinical syndrome characterized by IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa. The present study investigates the quality of life (QoL) with AR among adults, using widely validated questionnaires, unlike in pediatric patients.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted, analyzing the QoL of 102 children with AR aged between 10-15 years, belonging to two health centers (HC) in Zaragoza and two HC in Coruña. The comparison of means between the two groups is carried out using the Student's test or the Mann-Whitney test, considering a value of p˂0.05 to be significant.
Results: Around 102 children were studied, with a majority (59.8%) being male and a mean age of 12 years. Around 76.5% have a family history of atopy. It was found that AR is more prevalent in Zaragoza (p ˂0.005), and asthmais highly prevalent in Coruña (p ˂0.001). The most important sensitizations are pollen in Zaragoza (p ˂0.05) and dust mites in A Coruña (p ˂0.001). More treatment needs and associated comorbidities (p˂0.05) were observed in A Coruña. The results of the ESPRINT-15 show that 63% of the patients have a good QoL, 27% fair, and 8.8%, poor. Those sensitized to mites have a worse score (p = 0.02). It was found that 52% of children experienced improvement during home confinement, with no notable differences between the two populations. The use of the mask favored QoL in patients from Zaragoza (p ˂0.001).
Conclusion: It was concluded that AR influences the QoL in pediatric patients. Greater QoL involvement, need for treatment, and comorbidities are observed in patients sensitized to dust mites compared to those sensitized to pollens. It was also observed that masks improved the symptoms, stopping patients being sensitized to pollens.
Objetivos: Evaluar las características clínicas, el grado de control de la enfermedad y calidad de vida de cuidadores de pacientes y pacientes asignados al «Programa de Atención al Niño Asmático» en un centro de atención primaria. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional, con recolección prospectiva de datos procedentes de 3 cuestionarios estandarizados, entregados al paciente o cuidadores: Asthma Control Questionnaire(ACQ)TM, Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire(PAQLQ)TM y Paediatric Asthma Caregivers Quality of Life Questionnaire(PACQLQ)TM y recolección retrospectiva de datos procedentes de la historia clínica. La muestra proviene del “Programa de Atención al Niño Asmático” de un centro de salud. Resultados: El 40% de los pacientes presentaban antecedente materno o paterno de asma y el 80% antecedente personal de dermatitis atópica, rinitis alérgica o alergia alimentaria. La media de los resultados de las escalas fue de ACQTM: 0.87 +/- 1.06 puntos (rango 0 – 3.6). Media de resultado PAQLQTM: 6.08 +/- 0.77 (rango 5 – 7). Media de PACQLQTM: 5.48 +/- 1.06 (rango 3 – 7). En pacientes con ACQTM <0.5 puntos, la media de puntuación en PACQLQTM fue de: 6.30 +/- 0.83. En pacientes con ACQTM >1 fue de: 4.66 +/- 0.72. Conclusiones: La presencia de atopia personal y el antecedente familiar de asma es el factor de riesgo más relacionado con el desarrollo de asma en nuestro estudio. El grado de control de asma en la muestra es mejorable, relacionándose un peor control de la enfermedad con peor puntuación en la escala de calidad de vida, siendo necesario implementar medidas de mejora en el ámbito educativo, clínico y asistencial.
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