13°C) for 30 days, and later grown in a heated greenhouse with 8, 10, 12, 14 or 16 h of photoperiod. In the field, days from emergence to bulb initiation and to maturity were evaluated in 13 clones planted on six sequential planting dates. Percentage of bulbing increased and the number of days from emergence to bulb initiation decreased, as storage temperature decreased and duration of storage increased. Plants of studied clones did not form bulbs with photoperiods of 8, 10 or 12 h with any storage temperature. All plants of both clones formed bulbs when photoperiod was over 14 h and storage temperature was 4 or 7ºC. A reduction on the period emergence-bulb initiation was observed as planting date was delayed from April to September.]]>
A study of the evaluation and selection of cover crops to improve soil management in an organic orchard of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) was carried out. The evaluated cover crops were: a mixture of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and balansa clover (T. michelianum Savi), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), white clover (T. repens L.), fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a mixture of white clover and fescue, and a control without vegetation. The trial was conducted in Chillán, Chile (36°37' S, 72°00' W), during two seasons. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates. Planting distance between raspberry rows was 3 m, and each experimental plot was 60 m 2. Covers that included white clover as a single species and white clover in mixture with tall fescue had the highest plant density (828 and 1788 plant m-2 , in the second year, respectively), biomass (9.3 and 10.4 t DM ha-1 yr-1 , in the second year, respectively) and specific contribution of the sown species (more than 90% contribution of sown species). Mixture of annual species did not have a good performance, particularly during the second season. A clear effect of the covers on soil content of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) was found; however, soil organic matter content and pH were not affected. Weed growth was best controlled by the cover crops that included fescue and/or white clover.
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