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Objective: cavernous hemangioma of the rectosigmoid colon is a rare disease, with no more than 200 cases reported in the literature. The rectosigmoid is the most common site of this disease in the gastrointestinal tract. Case report: we report the case of a 31-year-old male with recurrent episodes of rectal bleeding, who was finally diagnosed of diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum. The tumor, of 12 x 10 x 9 cm in size, occupied the rectum to the margin of the anal sphincter. A surgical procedure was ruled out because of the inability to carry out a safe anastomosis while preserving anal sphincters. Discussion: rectal hemangiomas are less frequent vascular malformations. The clinical presentation of a cavernous hemangioma of the rectum is usually acute, recurrent or chronic rectal bleeding. Other symptoms stem from the possible compression or invasion of adjacent structures, such as lumbar or perianal pain, metrorrhage, hematuria, etc. This diagnosis is commonly made in younger patients. Colonoscopy is without doubt the diagnostic technique of choice, and it allows to establish the localization, morphology, and total extension of the lesion; its characteristic image is a red-purplish nodule with great vascular congestion. According to the opinion of most authors, biopsy is not advisable during colonoscopy, since imaging techniques are sufficient for an accurate diagnosis, and the risk of bleeding while manipulating this lesion is not negligible. Computed tomography and particularly magnetic resonance imaging, given their high precision to delimit the lesion and its relations to adjacent structures, are imaging studies that are mandatory before surgical treatment. Other techniques such as selective angiography, barium enema, gastrointestinal transit, and upper-tract endoscopy may be supplementary and help locate more lesions along the gastrointestinal tract. Failure to recognize the exact diagnosis and extent of diffuse cavernous hemangioma may lead to failed surgical treatment and severe complications. Complete surgical excision of the lesion with a sphinctersaving procedure is the primary mode of treatment: conservative proctectomy with coloanal anastomosis.

of 103 babies (median 8 years, range 2-19 years) shows normal intellectual ability in 79 cases (76.6%). Prenatal VM correlates with postnatal IQ: babies with absent VM shows normal intellectual ability in 84.2% (mean IQ = 95.4), whereas babies with progressing prenatal VM had normal outcome in 66.6% (mean IQ = 85). The ability to walk is present in 63 cases (61.2%); the sfincterial function shows severe impairment in 64 cases (62.1%). In comparing 2 periods in our series, February 1980-June 1994 and July 1994-February 2010 Objectives: Ventricle measurements at the level of the atrium are routinely performed as part of routine prenatal ultrasound examination. Though this measurement may vary across GA, a measurement above 10 mm is usually considered as abnormal. It is also commonly consider that VL may vary according to fetal size and gender. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship of GA-adjusted VL with fetal gender and size. Methods: During a study period of four years, a single operator unaware of the subsequent analysis, prospectively and routinely performed cerebral ventricle width measurements at the level of the atrium. Measurements were transformed into Z-scores based on previously published charts. The relationship between VL Z-scores, fetal gender, fetal head circumference (HC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) was investigated by means of robust regression. Results: VL Z-score was available in 4735 cases. Mean (SD) of VL Z-score was −0.003 ± 1.000. VL Z-score was significantly different according to fetal gender, HC Z-score and EFW Z-score. In multivariate analysis, gender (β = 0.16, P < 10-4) and HC Z-score (β = 0.17, P < 10-4) remained significant predictors of VL Z-score. Conclusions: Our findings support the usual belief that large for GA males have larger ventricle measurements. OP15.06Increasing of fetal intraorbital optic nerve diameter during pregnancy: evaluation by sonography Prenatal Medicine Unit, Modena and Reggio Emilia University, Modena, ItalyObjectives: To assess the diameter of fetal intraorbital portion of the optic nerve in different gestational ages. Methods: In this prospective study 41 fetuses from 19 to 37 gestational weeks were evaluated: 8 fetuses were at 19-20 gestational weeks, 4 at 25-27, 20 at 29-33 and 5 at 35-37 gestational weeks. During the standard two-dimensional examination the optic nerve was visualized in axial view of the brain in intraorbital portion and the diameter was measured. In one case of agenesis of cavum septum pellucidum the diameter of optic nerve was measured longitudinally starting from 20 to 35 gestational weeks in association with two RMI (resonance magnetic imaging) performed at 20 and 32 gestational weeks. Results: The mean value of the optic nerve diameter at 19-20 gestational weeks was 1.3 mm (0.9-1.8 mm), at 25-27 1.6 mm (1.4-1.9 mm), at 29-33 2.7 mm (2-3.3 mm) and at 35-37 2.8 mm (2.2-3.4 mm). In case of cavum septum pellucidum agenesis the diameter of the optic nerve increased from 1 mm at 20 gestational weeks to 2.1 mm at 28;...

The interaction between the two components of a relativistic binary gas is investigated. Starting from the relativistic Boltzmann equation, general expressions for the rate of energy exchange, the relaxation time, and the coefficient of bulk viscosity are obtained. As a particular example, the formalism is applied to the study of a gas at very high temperatures, T&lt;∼6×109 °K, assuming that the energy exchange between matter and radiation is caused by Compton scattering; relativistic effects are fully taken into account.

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