Purpose This manuscript presents the experimental plan and results of driver trials conducted with a semi-dynamic driving simulator and an equipped research vehicle in real traffic conditions. Methods 12 trainees, 12 novice (driving license less than 1.5 years; 25,000 totally run km by average) and 12 experienced drivers (driving license more than 12 years; 320,000 totally run km and 28583 km only the last year by average) participated in the trials, conducting the same driving sessions in the simulator and on-the-road, consisting of a free driving and a following vehicle scenario in the context of highways, rural and urban roads. Their maximum speed, difference of their average speed from each speed limit and their average lateral deviation in driving simulator and onthe-road were compared. A novel research framework was established for the results analysis dealing with the existence of numerical proximity between the driving simulator and the on-the-road measurements (in the sense of absolute validity), the degree of this proximity and the possibility and the type of the correction that could be applied leading to an acceptable absolute validity.Results Derived results have shown that several degrees of numerical proximity apply for different combinations of driver behaviour metrics, driver cohorts, driving tasks and road contexts, whereas the type of the driver behaviour metric seems to be the most determining factor for absolute validity existence. Conclusions Tangible findings consist of transfer algorithms that serve as the basis for redefining warning and intervention thresholds of ADAS but also driver training and assessment schemes based on driving simulators.
The current paper presents the concept of AEGIS Integrating Project (Grant Agreement: 224348), which aims to embed support for accessibility into every aspect of ICT-including the pre-built user-interface components, developer's tools, software applications and the run-time environment, and via embeddable assistive technologies. AEGIS is a 3,5 years project, aiming to constitute a breakthrough in the eInclusion area, through the development of an Open Accessibility Framework, upon which open source accessibility interfaces and applications for the users as well as accessibility toolkits for the developers will be built. Three mainstream markets are targeted, namely the desktop, rich Internet applications and mobile devices/applications market segments.
The paper describes an approach to specifically tailored user interface design, to adapt the user interface to the specific needs of mobility impaired travellers. Given a user has some interaction impairments or s/he is in a situation that causes an interaction impairment (i.e. noisy environment has the same consequences as hearing impairment), another modality is to be used or adapted to compensate this impairment. As sound has other interaction characteristics than graphical user interface elements (e.g. information can not be presented in parallel, but sequentially), rules for substituting some modalities through others are described.
This manuscript presents the results of the trials that have been realized with student developers in the context of the AEGIS Integrated Project of the 7th European Framework. The aim was to evaluate the added value and the expected impact of two open-source toolkits that have been developed within AEGIS, aiming to support developers in the creation of accessible mobile applications, namely the Android Accessibility Designer Toolkit and the Accessibility Advisor tool. Furthermore, this evaluation process allowed collecting comments for further optimization of the tools before their final release. Evaluation concerned the assessment of the tools themselves by student developers participating in the trials, but also of the accessible applications that student developers were requested to develop with these tools, which were then provided to expert low-vision users for further assessment of their accessibility. Developers were equally distributed into two groups: one Control Group and one Experimental Group. Developers from both groups were given the same exercise and had to meet the same requirements. The Experimental Group tried the AEGIS toolkits for their developments, whereas the Control Group developers freely chose other, non-AEGIS tools. Results showed that 18 % total development time was saved when AEGIS tools were used, and that these developer tools have a big potential to help developers create easily accessible applications.
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