In this paper, we use a set of methods applied for geosciences to reveal the provenance of raw materials and historical aspects of technology of lime production from the post-Cistercian church (southwestern Poland). Two types of building stones (mica schists and sandstones) and two groups of mortars, related with two different construction phases (Gothic and Baroque), were used for construction of the church façade. Principal difference between binding materials involves the presence of Mg-rich phase within Baroque mortars as a result of carbonation of a dolomitic lime whereas Gothic mortars are devoid of hydromagnesite. Mineral composition of the fillers of both mortars is similar, suggesting the same origin represented by local eluvium. Binders of studied mortars are composed of calcite and/or hydromagnesite and rich in lime lumps suggesting incomplete calcination. Studied mortars are weathered which is manifested by presence of gypsum. However, there is no evidence of commonly occurring Mg-rich secondary phases within Baroque mortar probably due to higher solubility of these salts comparing to gypsum. Mineralogical study combined with archeological and geological information enables us to indicate potential sources for the studied building materials. Metamorphic rocks, prevailing within the façade, come from abandoned quarries located in the closest vicinity of the church, whereas sandstones were acquired from the deposits located at a distance of tens of kilometers from the Kamieniec Ząbkowicki. Raw materials used for lime burning were gathered from Przeworno (Gothic mortars) and Złoty Stok area (Baroque mortars) located approximately 25-30 and 12 km from studied church.
is a pre-Hispanic archaeological site in Bolivia, in the province of Florida and the department of Santa Cruz, on the eastern slopes of the Andes at an altitude ca. 1890-1925 m. Due to its historical and cultural value, the site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998. The entire archaeological site covers about 40 hectares and consists of two main parts:-An administrative and ceremonial complex of ca. 50 buildings typical of provincial Incan architecture located in the southern part of the site;-A natural rock (ca. 80 × 250 m) towering over the Piray valley in the northern part of the site. The natural rock was the main subject of the project "Architectural examination and complex documentation of Samaipata (Fuerte de Samaipata/Bolivia) site from the World Heritage List", of which this study is a small excerpt.
The article presents the results of physico-chemical analyses of a few masonry mortar and whitewash samples taken in the mid-1990s from the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. The mineralogical characteristic of the samples contributes to the body of knowledge on the composition of these masonry mortars and their structure, while at the same time encouraging further research on a greater number of samples.
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