The typification of 14 Linnaean names is revised. Previous lectotypifications based on Burman's illustrations in Plantarum Americanarum must be superseded since those elements were not available to Linnaeus before the publication of the first edition of Species plantarum. As a result, 12 Linnaean names, Bellonia aspera, Bucephalon racemosum, Columnea scandens, Cupania americana, Mentzelia aspera, Ovieda spinosa, Renealmia paniculata, Rondeletia americana, Thalia geniculata, Tillandsia serrata, Tournefortia hirsutissima and Tournefortia humilis, are hereby typified based on original material currently held at the Library of the Rijksuniversiteit in Groningen, the Netherlands, whereas a drawing included in Plumier's Nova plantarum Americanarum genera is selected as lectotype of the name Alpinia racemosa. In addition, supporting information about the type material of a name already typified by Robert Kiger (Samyda guidonia) is provided.
Bird pollination is relatively common in the tropics, and especially in the Americas. In the predominantly Neotropical tribe Myrteae (Myrtaceae), species of two genera, Acca and Myrrhinium, offer fleshy, sugary petals to the consumption of birds that otherwise eat fruits, thus pollinating the plants in an unusual plant-animal interaction. The phylogenetic position of these genera has been problematic, and therefore, so was the understanding of the evolution of this interaction. Here we include new sequences of Myrrhinium atropurpureum in a comprehensive molecular phylogeny based on a balanced sample of two plastid and two nuclear markers, with the aim of providing the historical framework of pollination by frugivorous birds in Myrteae. We developed 13 flower and inflorescence characters that comprehensively depict the macroscopic morphological components of this interaction. Bayesian and parsimony phylogenies concur in placing both Acca and Myrrhinium in a clade with Psidium species; with Myrrhinium sister to Psidium. Mapping of morphological characters indicated some degree of convergence (e.g., fleshy petals, purplish display) but also considerable divergence in key characters that point to rather opposing pollination strategies and also different degrees of specialization in Acca versus Myrrhinium. Pollination by frugivorous birds represents a special case of mutualism that highlights the evolutionary complexities of plant-animal interactions.
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