This work comprises the theoretical determination and validation of diagnostic standards for the analysis of saturated soil extracts for cut rose flower crops (Rosa spp.) growing in the Bogota Plateau, Colombia. The data included 684 plant tissue analyses and 684 corresponding analyses of saturated soil extracts, all collected between January 2009 and June 2013. The tissue and soil samples were selected from 13 rose farms, and from cultivars grafted on the 'Natal Briar' rootstock. These concurrent samples of soil and plant tissues represented 251 production units (locations) of approximately 10,000 m2 distributed across the study area. The standards were conceived as a tool to improve the nutritional balance in the leaf tissue of rose plants and thereby define the norms for expressing optimum productive potential relative to nutritional conditions in the soil. To this end, previously determined diagnostic standard for rose leaf tissues were employed to obtain rates of foliar nutritional balance at each analyzed location and as criteria for determining the diagnostic norms for saturated soil extracts. Implementing this methodology to foliar analysis, showed a higher significant correlation for diagnostic indices. A similar behavior was observed in saturated soil extracts analysis, becoming a powerful tool for integrated nutritional diagnosis. Leaf analyses determine the most limiting nutrients for high yield and analyses of saturated soil extracts facilitate the possibility of correcting the fertigation formulations applied to soils or substrates. Recommendations are proposed to improve the balance in soil-plant system with which the possibility of yield increase becomes more probable. The main recommendations to increase and improve rose crop flower yields would be: continuously check pH values of SSE, reduce the amounts of P, Fe, Zn and Cu in fertigation solutions and carefully analyze the situation of Mn in the soil-plant system.

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Saffron is traditionally cultivated in soil as a semi-perennial crop, although the feasibility of crop production is today constrained in Europe due to both agronomic and socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, interest has been increasing concerning its possible cultivation within protected environments through adoption of soilless cultivation technologies. The aim of the present study was to optimize nutrient solution features in the soilless cultivation of saffron corms. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse at Almeria University. Saffron was grown in 15-L pots filled with perlite. Three fertigation treatments were used, obtained by a linear increase of all nutrients of one standard in order to reach an electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.0 (control, EC2.0), 2.5 (EC2.5) and 3.0 (EC3.0) dS·m−1. Measurements included determinations of shoot length, corm yield, as well as nutrient uptake from the nutrient solution and concentrations within plant tissues. The nutrient solution with the highest EC (EC3.0) allowed obtaining three to five times more corms above 25-mm diameter. The increasing EC had a significant effect on the increase of macronutrient uptake, except for NO3− and NH4+ and resulted in a general increase of nutrient concentrations in tissues, such as corms and roots. Both macronutrient uptake and accumulation in plant tissues were highest under EC3.0. Nutrient uptake was significantly correlated with production of larger corms due to higher horizontal diameter.

RESUMENLa endometriosis es la causa más común de dolor pélvico crónico femenino. A pesar del tratamiento médico, muchas mujeres no logran controlar el dolor, con la consecuencia de restricciones más o menos graves en la vida laboral, social, familiar, de pareja y sexual. En América Latina y específicamente en idioma español hay escasa información sobre las relaciones de la endometriosis con factores psicológicos que se encuentran enmarcados dentro de esta enfermedad. Por este motivo, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar esta patología estrógeno-dependiente y su asociación con diferentes aspectos psicológicos, así como su abordaje terapéutico. Para esto se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos. Los resultados indican que la endometriosis es una enfermedad que genera como sintomatología, dolor crónico, el cual afecta de manera negativa la calidad de vida, relaciones de pareja, fertilidad, y estado emocional, generando ansiedad y depresión entre otros trastornos psiquiátricos. Los anteriores factores influyen de la misma forma, de manera negativa en la percepción del dolor, aumentando el ciclo. Debido a esto se concluye que el tratamiento psicológico podría ser un apoyo necesario para las mujeres que padecen endometriosis, en donde el manejo de dolor y los mecanismos de afrontamiento, deben ser los objetivos principales en el plan terapéutico. PALABRAS CLAVE: Endometriosis, calidad de vida, dolor crónico, dismenorrea, emociones negativas ABSTRACTThe endometriosis is the most common cause of chronic female pelvic pain. Despite medical treatment, many women are unable to control their pain, limiting their social, family, sexual life and couple sexual life. In Latin America and specifically in Spanish language, there is no much information on the relationships between endometriosis with psychological factors from this disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the different psychological aspects related and the therapeutic approach of this estrogen-dependent pathology. A systematic search on databases was carried out for this end. The results indicate that pain chronic is a factor important in this illness, which negatively affects quality of life, couple relationships, fertility, and emotional state, generating anxiety, depression and another psychiatric disorders. These factors increase negatively pain perception and get worse the course of the disease. Conclusion: psychological treatment could be a necessary support for women who suffering from endometriosis, where pain management and coping mechanisms could be the main aims at the therapeutic plan.1 3271 palabras contadas desde el inicio de la Introducción hasta las referencias. 2MSc en Psicología clínica y de la salud. Fundación

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Resumen. Objetivo: Este estudio es una revisión sistemática que buscó identificar la evidencia disponible en la literatura científica de Latinoamérica y España sobre las intervenciones psicológicas eficaces en mujeres con cáncer de mama, entre el 2006 y 2016. Método: Las bases de datos empleadas fueron BVS y PsycNet-APA, utilizando los descriptores: cáncer de mama, intervenciones psicológicas, psicooncología, y psicoterapia, tanto en inglés como en español. También se realizó la búsqueda en Google Académico, con la combinación "Cáncer de mama and intervenciones psicológicas". Resultados: Se encontraron 17 artículos en los que el modelo teórico más implementado fue el modelo cognitivo conductual, seguido por el modelo de intervenciones grupales y psicosociales. Sin embargo, también se encontraron otros modelos menos comunes para esta población. Así mismo se identificaron limitaciones en términos de metodología en estas investigaciones, lo que dificulta la generalización de sus resultados. Conclusiones: Se considera que es necesario la realización de investigaciones con diseños robustos en Latinoamérica y España sobre intervenciones psicooncológicas eficaces en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Palabras claves: Intervenciones psicológicas; cáncer de mama; Latino-américa. [en] Effective psychological intervention for breast cancer patients in Latin America and Spain: A systematic review Abstract. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to identify the evidence available in the Latin America and Spain scientific literature about the effective psychological intervention for breast cancer, between 2006 and 2016. Method: The databases included were BVS and PsycNet APA, using the following descriptors: breast cancer, psychological interventions, psychooncology, and psychotherapy, in English and Spanish. The search was also done in Google Academics with the descriptors: "Cáncer de mama and intervenciones psicológicas", in Spanish. Results: Only 17 articles were found that met our inclusion criteria and showed the evidence of psychological intervention for breast cancer patient in Latin América and Spain between 2006 and 2016. The theoretical model most frequently applied was CBT, followed by other types of psychosocial intervention. Nevertheless, other novel models to these population were also found. Limits in the methodology of these investigation were identified, which hinders the generalization of results. Conclusions: More research with according methodology design to prove the efficacy of a psychological intervention for breast cancer patient, is very much needed in

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