In oil industry, oil emulsions are recurring problems and them can be oil in water (A / O) or water in oil (A/O) type. An alternative currently studied for breaking emulsions is the use of Microemulsionated Systems (MS) that have the characteristic of solubilizing polar and nonpolar substances. The objective of this work was the synthesis of a surfactant from a vegetable oil, as well as the formulation of microemulsion for breaking emulsions of type A/O. For the synthesis of the surfactant, Moringa Oleifera Lam oil was saponified and characterized by Saponification Index and Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance. The microemulsion systems were formulated using Saponified Moringa Oil as Surfactant (S), n-butanol as cotensoactive (C), moringa oil as oily phase and distilled water as aqueous phase and the ratio C/S was varied at 1, 5 and 10. To validate the results of emulsion break the Scheffé's network was employed. The oil was characterized according to ABNT NBR 14647 and had a BSW (Basic Sediments and Water) content of 24%. The results showed at the end of the experiments of 30 minutes an aqueous phase separation efficiency of 40%. Furthermore, it was found that the relationship between the microemulsion concentration and the separation percentage is not linear, and the biggest gain in the separation efficiency occurs for lower concentrations (about 8%). Therefore, the study made it possible to investigate the capacity of microemulsion systems developed to break A/O emulsions, as well as to optimize the microemulsion concentration to be used in the process.

Ceiba glaziovii (Kuntze) K. é uma espécie ocorrente na Caatinga de importância econômica e ecológica. Contudo, o conhecimento da sua fisiologia em resposta à períodos de seca, na fase inicial do desenvolvimento, não são bem conhecidas. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o teor relativo de água das folhas e o acúmulo de solutos orgânicos osmoticamente ativos em mudas de Ceiba glaziovii submetidas à seca intermitente. Para tal, mudas de um mês de idade de C. glaziovii foram submetidas à seca intermitente por ciclos de suspensão da irrigação [rega diária (C), irrigação a cada sete dias (E7), suspensão de rega até sinais de murcha como estresse severo (ES) e reirrigadas (RE), verificando a recuperação após 72 horas]. Avaliou-se a altura das plantas, o diâmetro do caule, teor relativo de água nas folhas, a concentração de prolina livre (PL), carboidratos (CS) e proteínas (PS) nas folhas e raízes. A seca intermitente exerceu pouco efeito sobre o TRA das mudas de C. glaziovii, porém afetou negativamente o crescimento delas. Não houve acúmulo de CS nas folhas, porém houve grande variação na concentração de PL e PS. Nas raízes das plantas E7 houve acúmulo significativo de CS, PL e PS, evidenciando o papel desses compostos no ajustamento osmótico no sistema radicular. A Ceiba glaziovii consegue manter valores adequados de água nos tecidos em situação de seca intermitente, durante o período inicial do desenvolvimento. A prolina se acumula nas folhas e raízes em resposta ao déficit hídrico moderado, sugerindo um papel importante para a sobrevivência da espécie.

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The Brazilian Dry Tropical Forest, called Caatinga, has several environmental conditions limiting plant growth and development, requiring the plants that inhabit this phytogeographic domain, physiological and morphological traits to guarantee the perpetuation and survival of the species. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the growth parameters in Ceiba glaziovii, a tree species that occurs in the Caatinga, submitted to intermittent drought. For such seedling of C. glaziovii were subjected to different cycles of irrigation suspension [Control- daily irrigation, S7- irrigation every seven days and SS - total suspension of irrigation until signs of wilt appear]. Height, number of leaves, stem diameter, dry matter of the various organs, root / shoot ratio, leaf area, and the index of plasticity were evaluated. The prolongation of intermittent drought had a significant reducing effect on the growth rates, dry matter production and leaf area of stressed C. glaziovii seedlings compared to daily watering ones. Plant height and stem diameter were the most plastic traits found (IP>0,8). Thus, watering intervals above seven days may severely compromise the production of C. glaziovii seedlings, affecting the growth rates until the accumulation of dry matter. These results demonstrate that this species does not show great tolerance to drought stress during the initial period of its development, suggesting for cultivation of seedlings an adequate water availability or an interval of up to seven days between watering.