ResumoObjetivos: identificar os elementos protetores do leite materno que atuam na prevenção de doenças gastrintestinais e respiratórias. Fonte dos dados: a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Bireme, Lilacs, Medline e Scielo, utilizando os descritores leite materno, doenças gastrintestinais e doenças respiratórias, com limites de idiomas (português, inglês e espanhol) e de período (1996 a 2009). Foram selecionados 46 textos por atenderem aos objetivos deste trabalho. Síntese dos dados: a IgA é imunoglobulina com maior capacidade protetora contra ambos os tipos de doenças, por sobreviver às mucosas intestinal e respiratória. O leite materno também possui outras imunoglobulinas, anticorpos, oligossacarídeos, lipídeos, peptídeos bioativos, entre outros constituintes exclusivos com mecanismos específicos que, além da proteção contra essas doenças, estimulam o desenvolvimento do sistema imune do lactente. Assim, nenhum outro leite possui essas propriedades e podem até ser a causa destas doenças. Campanhas e ações em Saúde Pública que incentivam o aleitamento materno devem ser continuamente desenvolvidas e estimuladas, considerando todos os benefícios que o mesmo proporciona.
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At the present celiac disease has no known cure, and its only treatment is a strict lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. Cheese bread is a traditional Brazilian product and a safe option for celiacs. However, like other gluten-free breads, it has inherent low levels of fibers and minerals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of whole amaranth flour on the physical properties and nutritional value of cheese bread. Amaranth flour was incorporated at 10, 15, and 20% proportions in different formulations. The increasing amaranth levels darkened the product, reduced specific volume, and increased compression force. Ten percent amaranth-content cheese breads exhibited slight differences in physical properties compared with the controls. These results demonstrated the possibility of incorporating 10% of whole amaranth flour in the formulation of cheese bread resulting in a product with higher dietary fiber and iron contents and the same level of acceptance as that of the conventional formulation. The aim of this approach is to increase the availability of gluten-free bakery products with added nutritional value contributing to increase the variety of the diet of celiac patients.
To develop a convenience healthy food snack the partially hydrogenated vegetable fat, used as the flavour fixative agent, was replaced by a non-fat-flavouring solution enriched with inulin and oligofructose. The effects of this replacement on chemical composition, in vitro rate of starch digestion and sensory acceptability were assessed. The new snack presented low-fat levels (0.1%) and around a sevenfold increase in dietary fibre (15.3% of dietary fibre, being 13.3% of fructans) when compared with the traditional ones. The enrichment with fructans reduced the predicted Glycaemic Index by 25%, thus indicating that this dietary fibre contributes effectively towards delaying the in vitro glycaemic response. Fructans-enriched snack presented overall acceptability score (6.6 ± 1.7) similar to the traditional one, flavoured with fatty fixative agent (7.4 ± 1.4). The healthy low-fat fibre-enriched snack produced presented the high sensory acceptability typical for this food product type.
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