Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been extensively studied as a biomaterial for wound treatment, and the heterologous PRP is usefulin the event that obtaining the patient’s own blood is impossible. This study aimed to evaluate and compare wound healing in rabbits and quantify the collagen in experimentally induced wounds in a control group and in a group treated with heterologous PRP gel. We hypothesize that this gelis capable of promoting proper healing with no adverse reactions, increased collagen content. The clinical aspects of coloring, edema, hyperemia, exudation, crust, granulation, pain sensitivity, and retraction index of the wounds were measuredon days 7, 14, and 17 after the injury. Collagen quantification by Picrosirius staining and evaluation under polarized light was performed on the 17th day. Crust was present in both groups at all evaluated time points, with the absence of other clinical signs. The wound contraction rate and collagen quantity did not differ between groups. In conclusion, the suggested hypothesis was partially confirmed; the heterologous PRP gel was unable to increase the amount of collagen and accelerate the wound healing process, however, wound healing was efficient and similar in both groups and there was no local adverse reaction. Thus, despite the scarcity of studies in the literature, the heterologous PRP gel is an effective alternative treatment for wounds in the absence of other sources of PRP.
RESUMO Para comparar a regeneração tecidual de feridas dérmicas em coelhos tratados e não tratados, de forma seriada, com diferentes fontes de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) gel, biópsias dérmicas foram feitas na região dorsal, com auxílio de um punch de 8mm, em que o lado direito foi tratado com NaCl 0,9%® e o lado esquerdo recebeu aplicação de diferentes fontes de PRPs (autóloga, heteróloga e homóloga), nos dias zero, três, sete, 10, 14, tendo sido acompanhadas durante 17 dias. Ao final do 17º dia, foi realizada avaliação histopatológica das feridas. Do total de 24 animais, seis coelhos (três machos e três fêmeas) foram utilizados somente como doadores para obtenção do PRP homólogo gel. Um cão adulto, saudável, foi utilizado como doador durante o experimento para o preparo do PRP gel do grupo heterólogo. As médias das fibras dos grupos autólogo e homólogo foram muito semelhantes (75,0±13,7 e 73,1±10,2, respectivamente), quando comparadas às médias obtidas no grupo controle (71,5±10,8). Já as fibras colágenas do grupo heterólogo foram inferiores (P<0,05) às dos demais grupos (59,4±11,3). Conclui-se que a fonte heteróloga produz fibras colágenas menos organizadas e menos homogêneas, sendo o último recurso a ser utilizado para promover uma cicatrização de boa qualidade.
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