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Conversion disorders should be considered as an additional etiology of visual loss in children. In these cases, the analysis and multidisciplinary treatment is crucial for a successful outcome.

Diabetes Mellitus is nowadays one of the most frequent non-contagious diseases in the world and remains a major health problem for the national health care programs. It is well proved that Telemedicine helps diabetic patients controlling their glucose levéis, facilitating their dayto-day therapy management and the communication with health care personnel. The rapid growth and development of information technologies in the áreas of mobile computing and mobile Internet is shaping a new technological scenario of telemedicine and shared care systems. In this chapter we will show one approach to Mobile Telemedicine for Diabetes Care.

IntroductionPatients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) require the administration of insulin to maintain glycemic control. Currently, two modes of subcutaneous insulin delivery have gained wider acceptance: multiple daily injections (MDI) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Randomized controlled trials have shown that CSII is associated with a slightly lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level when compared with MDI.The case study on diabetes by the H2020 Next Generation Health Technology Assessment project aims to link evidence from randomized controlled trials to real-world data to estimate the impact of health technology on specific subgroups of patients, as a first step in building prediction models to personalize treatment strategies. This work aims to assess whether patients with T1D can be stratified according to the use of health technology for insulin delivery and associated glycemic control from real-world data.MethodsWe used a longitudinal prospective data repository of T1D patients from 83 clinics in the United States (T1D exchange). A data-driven two-step clustering analysis was done on adult individuals (n = 8,034) with more than five years of disease duration. Clusters were based on body mass index (BMI), sex, age at diagnosis, diabetes duration, HbA1c level, and insulin delivery method. The optimal number of clusters was estimated based on silhouette width.ResultsWe identified the following four clusters of T1D patients characterized by differences in gender and insulin delivery method: men and women with insulin injections or pens and men and women with CSII. Individuals that used CSII had lower HbA1c levels, a higher BMI, and longer diabetes duration than those using Injections or pens.ConclusionsThis preliminary work identified subgroups of T1D patients linked to insulin delivery methods. Future research includes the study of complications associated with different clusters and additional data sources. While the data were sourced from the T1D Exchange, the analyses, content, and conclusions presented have not been reviewed or approved by the T1D Exchange.

In the present work we have developed an agent-based model of the interaction between the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas and the macrophages of the innate immune system in a mouse. The aim is to simulate the processes of proliferation and apoptosis of the beta cells and the phagocytosis of cell debris by macrophages. We have used data from the literature to make the model architecture and to define and set up the input variables. This model obtains good approximations to the real processes modeled and could be used to shed light on some open questions about phagocytosis, wave of apoptosis in the young mice, growing of the beta cell mass and processes that could induce the immune response against beta cells related to type 1 diabetes.