In order to determine Trypanosoma cruzi infection among mammals in Yucatan, Mexico, 372 animals, both wild and synanthropic including carnivores, marsupials and rodents were studied. Serological studies by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) were carried out to detect antibodies to T. cruzi and a parasitological study was also performed (blood smear and histopathology). Of all the animals tested 18.54% were serologically positive, with a significantly higher frequency among the wild ones (33.33%) compared to the synanthropic ones (17.79%). To determine T. cruzi in positive animals, blood was inoculated into a white mouse (webster type) to prove myocardium colonization. The serological and parasitological positivity of these animals, as well as their behavior in the environment, taken together with the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of the population, suggest that in Yucatan, Mexico, Canis familiaris, Didelphis marsupialis and Rattus rattus act as a link with the wild cycle.
Introducción. El protozoario Trypanosoma cruzi, infecta gran variedad de huéspedes, y produce una alta variabilidad en las manifestaciones clínicas en el humano. Las diferencias en la patogenicidad, están directamente relacionadas con la heterogenicadad genética de los parásitos, lo cual implica que cepas de diferentes áreas deben ser caracterizadas para entender el comportamiento epidemiológico y clínico de la infección. En este trabajo se reporta el comportamiento en vivo de tres cepas de Yucatán, México ( H4, H5, y H10). Material y Métodos. Las cepas H4 y H5, fueron aisladas de pacientes con patología severa, y la H10, de un paciente asintomático. Se infectaron ratones NIH, con las diferentes cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi Resultados. La infección experimental de ratones NIH con la cepa H4, resultó con alta parasitemia (1.04 x 107 parásitos circulantes/mL e invasión tisular, con 50% de sobrevivencia. Las cepas H5 y 10 produjeron baja parasitemia (6.10 x 106 and 1.29 x 106 parásitos circulantes/mL) y muy limitada invasión tisular y 92% de los ratones infectados sobrevivieron. Discusión. Nosotros concluimos que estas cepas, tienen una virulencia comparable con cepas de otras regiones, pero que su comportamiento biológico falta relacionarlo directamente con sus marcadores genéticos.
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