1) Nonalcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis were identified in substantial numbers of morbidly obese patients; 2) Concentration of hydroperoxides was increased in steatohepatitis, consistent with a pathogenetic role for oxidative stress in this condition.
OBJECTIVE:The article describes the strategies adopted by the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) for participation and retention of subjects. This is key to ensure internal validity of longitudinal studies, and to identify, investigate, and ascertain outcomes of interest. METHODS:The follow-up strategies include annual telephone contacts with new assessments and interviews every three to four years this approach aims to identify transient outcomes (reversible or not), permanent outcomes as well as complications related to the progression of major diseases -cardiovascular diseases and diabetes -to be studied. RESULTS:Telephone interviews are designed to monitor subjects' health status and to identify potential health-related events such as hospital admissions, medical visits or pre-selected medical procedures. Subjects are also encouraged to report to the ELSA-Brasil team any new health-related events. When a potential event is identified, a thorough investigation is carried out to collect relevant information about that event from medical records. All data are blinded and reviewed and analyzed by a medical expert committee. Incident outcome ascertainment follows well-established international criteria to ensure data comparability and avoid misclassification. In addition to these strategies, the occurrence of health-related events is also investigated through linkage of secondary databases, such as national mortality and hospital admission databases.CONCLUSIONS: Accurate identification of outcomes will allow to estimating their incidence in the study cohort and to investigate the effect of the exposures studied in the ELSA-Brasil at baseline and at its subsequent waves.
ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar os indicadores de mortalidade e internações hospitalares por condição sensível à atenção primária (ICSAP) em crianças menores de 5 anos, entre 2011 a 2014/15 na região do Marajó-Pará-Brasil, período de implantação do Programa Mais Médicos em todos os municípios desta região, demonstrando a evolução da série histórica dos indicadores estudados.Os resultados indicaram que o PMMB foi potencialmente relevante para a redução das ICSAP e mortalidade na faixa etária estudada, especialmente por gastroenterites infecciosas e suas complicações. A expansão e consolidação da ESF na região do Marajó, possibilitada pelo Programa Mais Médicos, com aumento considerável da cobertura populacional, está contribuindo para a redução da hospitalização e mortalidade em menores de 5 anos. Palavras-chave: Estratégia Saúde Família; Atenção Primária; Estudo série histórica. AbstractThis study aimed to assess mortality rates and The results indicated that the PMMB was potentially relevant to reducing ICSAP and mortality in the age group studied, especially for infectious gastroenteritis and its complications.The expansion and consolidation of the ESF in the Marajó region, made possible by the Program More Doctors, with considerable increase in population coverage, is contributing to the reduction of hospitalization and mortality in children under 5 years.
The prevalence of Diabetes and Stress Hyperglycemia in the Acute Myocardial Infarction patients. Objectives: To evaluate in our population the real prevalence of diabetes (DM) and stress hyperglycemia (HE) in patients with myocardial infarction (IAM) admitted in a cardiologic emergency unit. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2262 patients with AMI evaluating the prevalence of DM (referred and diagnosed) and stress hyperglycemia. Results: Besides 12,1% of subjects were previously referred to be diabetic (men: 10.7% and women: 15.8%), diabetes was effectively diagnosed in 24,8% (M: 22,9%, W: 29,7%) and stress hyperglycemia in 13,6% HE of the patients (M: 14,3%, W: 11,7%) indicating that glycemic alterations were effectively observed in 37.2.% of the patients with IAM (M: 37,2%, W: 41,4%). In DM subjects IAM events occurred earlier, total intra-hospital mortality was higher (DM: 20.7%, ND: 13,8%, HE: 13,4%) and less surgical procedures were performed (ND 33.8%, DM: 21.7%, HE: 18.0%). Conclusion: The elevated DM and stress hyperglycemia prevalence observed in our study indicates that glycemic alterations is one of the most important risk factors for IAM. (Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2008; 52/3:465-472)
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