Objectives: A descriptive study of exploratory character with the objective to determine the representation of a healthy tooth and an unhealthy tooth, associated with the concept of dental decay. Methods: Children of both genders (880), distributed in six age groups of low socio-economic level, some already having prior contact with the dentist and others not. Three instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire, pictograms representation protocols and drawing content analysis grid. Results: Content analysis on the drawings indicates significant discrepancies, inherent to the pictorial profiles. Conclusion: The results point to the need of developing educative tools for oral health.Keywords: health education, healthy tooth, tooth decay IntroductionTooth decay is currently a public health issue, not because it triggers a high mortality rate, but due to the high incidence of its morbidity rate in the European region. Between 1999 and 2006, Portugal saw a significant reduction in the percentage of children suffering from tooth decay, with the percentage of six-year-old children free from tooth decay increasing from 33% to 51%. In spite of this improvement, one cannot lose sight of the goal set by the World Health Organization: that the percentage of six-year-old children free from tooth decay in the European region by the year 2020 is no lower than 80% (1, 2). Tooth decay is an infectious disease of multifactorial etiology that affects every age group in the course of a lifetime. It is, however, during childhood, that a concern with the eruption of deciduous teeth is triggered (3). Thus, in the context of tooth decay prevention and oral health promotion, to inform, that is, to provide and disseminate information, is of paramount importance (4-6), but it is also highly pertinent to understand the extent to which children actually perceive and internalize such informative contents that would lead them to adopt a "self-prevention" attitude (7).In respect to data collection techniques, drawing is the earliest form of cognitive-emotional expression, and a basic and universal form of language. The use of the resource "drawing" for research purposes has been employed as a methodological guideline for qualitative research conducted in the field of health studies (8-12). As an empiric assessment tool, drawing presents itself as a consummate projective instrument, for it is a symbolic vehicle that inter-subjectively brings to light the inner world of the child (13-19). At our institution, several research projects in Paediatric Dentistry (20-23) and Paediatric Psychology have used the resource "drawing" as an empirical instrument (24-26) as well as a ludic-pictorial material supported in the ludic (re)configuration of the dentist doctor's face (27, 28) and in the dramatization with finger puppets (29) contextualized in oral health promotion. It is undeniable that, at the medical appointment setting, the direct motivation when using ludic-pictorial material is a "major resource" (21) for purposes of oral hea...
A concepção actual de promoção de saúde, educação para a saúde e prevenção da doença é suportada por ideologias algo adulteradas pela realidade social. Tendo em conta a proliferação epistemológica destes conceitos no final do século XX pretende-se, no presente artigo, elaborar uma reflexão crítica em torno das múltiplas racionalidades estratégicas em que os conceitos se organizam, bem como, abordar os paradoxos que se instalam ao nível dos determinantes biopsicossociais dos comportamentos salutogénicos.Partilhando responsabilidades, os profissionais de saúde, devem, colectiva e proactivamente, desempenhar um papel significativo como promotores de saúde, modelando e reforçando o significado “leigo” dos comportamentos, para que se possam incrementar mudanças efectivas em segmentos alargados da população.
A dor é um dos sintomas que levam os indivíduos a procurar cuidados de saúde, sendo importante continuar a estudar os factores implicados na percepção da dor e, consequentemente, na procura desses cuidados. Pretende-se, neste estudo, estudar a relação existente entre a percepção da dor que os sujeitos sentem no momento e a procura de locais de prestação de cuidados de saúde que reduzam a intensidade da dor percepcionada, numa amostra de 1357 sujeitos, de ambos os sexos (M=675 e F=682), com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 90 anos, que se encontravam nos estabelecimentos de saúde seleccionados para este estudo, na Região de «Lisboa e Vale do Tejo».O instrumentoutilizado foi a tradução portuguesa do West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Os resultados do presente estudo, ao mesmo exploratório e pioneiro, sugerem a existência de uma relação entre dor percepcionada e local escolhido para a prestação dos cuidados de saúde, revelando-se o hospital como o local de maior prevalência de escolha. Recomenda-se o aprofundamento da investigação neste contexto, cuja pertinência se ancora na necessidade de uma resposta optimizada do sistema de saúde, quer em termos da melhoria da qualidade de vida dos doentes com dor, quer em termos de racionalidade económica dos serviços prestados.
As investigações recentes sugerem que a percepção subjectiva da crianças da sua visita ao dentista pode ter um impacto mais determinante em termos do medo/angústia face à consulta odontopediátrica, do que o tipo de tratamento recebido ou a patologia dentária subjacente. As técnicas projectivas revelam-se úteis para uma melhor compreensão do medo e angústias da criança face ao tratamento dentário, uma vez que permitem o acesso a informação dificilmente disponibilizada de outra forma de avaliação. O estudo aqui apresentado tem como objectivos avaliar: o medo dentário da criança e o comportamento manifestado durante a consulta. Assim, 166 crianças em idade escolar (5-12 anos) foram avaliadas após a consulta no dentista. Utilizou-se o teste Children’s Dental Fear Picture (CDFP, Klingberg & Hwang, 1994). Foram identificados três perfis de crianças, designados por “com medo”, “sem medo” ou “ambíguo”. Analisou-se também a relação com a idade e o número de consultas anteriores no dentista. Constata-se que medo dentário e comportamento durante a consulta necessitam ser abordados como entidades diferentes. O estudo realizado aponta para a necessidade da criação de instrumentos lúdico-pedagógicos no setting de consulta com a criança.
3Resumo A terapia da fala usa os recursos de educação em saúde como meio de aumentar a consciência e a promoção de conhecimento da gaguez psicossocial -uma condição que se manifesta em períodos de difluências involuntárias, enquanto perturbação da fala. Desenvolveu-se um recurso: um instrumento (um livro de literatura infantil) destinado a crianças entre o 1º e 4º anos do ensino primário. O livro consiste em 17 páginas de uma pequena história ilustrada por crianças. O objetivo deste artigo é promover um conhecimento mais amplo da gaguez através do uso de livros especializados e artigos científicos (publicados entre 1978 e 2011) que abordam temas específicos da terapia da fala. Este tipo de intervenção precoce irá fornecer a crianças pequenas, informação e conhecimento para comunicar e interagir com crianças com gaguez. Uma intervenção em terapia da fala atempada irá ainda restabelecer a fluidez verbal fornecendo, assim, experiências de comunicação interpessoal eficazes.Palavras-chave: Gaguez; Educação para a Saúde; Terapia da Fala. AbstractSpeech therapy uses health education resources as mean to increase awareness and to promote understanding of psychosocial stuttering -a condition that manifests as periods of involuntary disfluency -as a speech disorder. One resource was developed: an instrument (a children's literature book) aimed at children attending grades 1 to 4 of elementary school. The book consists in a 17-page short story, illustrated by children. The aim of this paper is to foster a broader knowledge on the subject of stuttering through the use of specialised books and scientific articles (published between 1978 and 2011) that tackle specific issues on speech therapy. This kind of early intervention will provide young children information and knowledge on how to communicate and interact with children affected by this speech disorder. A timely speech therapy intervention will also lead to re-establish verbal fluidity, thereby promoting experiences of effective interpersonal communication.
Background: The concepts of the Young Person and of an Elderly Person go through an evolutionary diversification during the Human lifecycle and are permeable to diverse biopsychosocial factors involved in the definition of the lifecycle stages. Therefore, assessing this subjectivity in different stages of development and population fringes may be a determinant key factor to assist the implementation of successful disease prevention and health promotion strategies. Aim: The aim of the present study was to discern how Fine Arts' college students of the Anatomy class mentally represent the inner morphology of the human body of the Young Person and of an Elderly Person. Method: For such, 126 students were asked to draw the interior of the body of a Young Person and of an Elderly Person. In all, 252 drawings were collected and analysed, based on a coding data grid designed for this purpose. Hence, a comparative analysis of these two different vital lifecycle phases was achieved. Results: The results suggest anatomical differences in the pictorial representation of the Young Person and of the Elderly Person, namely in the accentuation of the curvatures of the vertebral column, retrusion of the lower jaw and muscle flaccidity. Conclusions: Although the body schema was the same for all individuals, the body image was singularly depicted and linked to each individual's history, representing a synthesis of his idiosyncratic perceptions, experiences and particularities.
Background: Understanding the importance, value and self-image that the smile represents in the daily life of the individual remains a subject of high scientific interest. Aim: The present qualitative and exploratory study aims at understanding the importance of the self-perception of the mouth and smile on the mental representation of self-image and the well-being of the individual. Materials and Methods: The convenience sample consisted of 151 children and youngsters of both genders, ages 8-24 years, who used an orthodontic appliance and were invited to draw two portraits of their mouth/smile. Results: The results suggest differences in the mental representation of the mouth and the smile, namely in the investment of the drawings before and after the use of the orthodontic appliance, as well as in the expressiveness and manifestation of emotions. Discussion and Conclusions: The results suggest that the main reason that leads participants to the treatment is related to aesthetic and functional issues in which the maximizing of the mental representation of the Orthodontic Smile emerges as a new categorization of the perfect smile.
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