Water is a Human Right of first necessity. We verified that water resources have been used at a rate higher than their replacement capacity, causing problems of water scarcity. This study aims to draw attention of the world community to the need to implement measures to a real social responsibility and cooperative. A review of the literature and an analysis of the various international legal instruments on water resources will be carried out to highlight the absence of social and cooperative responsibility and the need to create sanctions. It is observed that states and international organisations have failed to develop measures to curb their misuse and to overcome the shortage of water in some regions. We believe that the current situation can only be improved through the implementation of policies in terms of social responsibility and cooperative and the companies or the organisations in general. Keywords: Environment, management, water, water shortage.
The teaching of law has experienced new challenges, especially with globalisation and the changes introduced by the Bologna process. However, it has been difficult to implement them before the insistence of the traditional methodology of expository lessons, deeply rooted in the cycles of law. One of the current challenging methodologies is the legal clinics, as a dynamic and providing tool for active learning and facilitating the acquisition of practical competences. The legal clinics offer the possibility of a teaching based on life cases, allowing students to observe the effective or simulated representation of legal cases, developing skills, also appealing to the values and ethics that are imposed on a future jurist, be a lawyer or a magistrate. The purpose of our study is to raise awareness of the paradigm shift in the teaching of law, especially in Portuguese schools. The legal clinics will raise awareness of civil society, instilling reliability in the legal services. Keywords: Globalisation, law, legal clinics,teaching, methodologies.
Research background: Globalization has profoundly changed the rules of play in the international economy. A new world order, new challenges and new difficulties have arisen as well new strategies to avoid the consequences of global free competition. Fiscal policy is a crucial tool in new global competition model, in special for regions with a high level of economic integration, as EU. In this context tax harmonization is extremely important to prevent distortions of competition in European market. Purpose of the article: Study the political and institutional constraints of the tax harmonization and disclosure a small part of the initial results of a investigation project about “tax competition in EU”. Understand if and how lack of tax harmonization between the member states is one of the causes of inequity between them, in special the Euro zone countries. Methods: Comparative study about income tax’s in Euro zone countries and the relation to PIB, as well the deductive method to analyse the results we find and some reference studies on the subject. Findings & Value added: The goal is answer to the follow questions: what are the political and institutional limitations to tax harmonization in EU? Why there are no further progress in the field of tax harmonization? Can EU and Euro zone survive face a globalization challenge with the present fiscal disloyal competition between member states? What future for EU in a globalization era? Findings show that tax harmonization never was considered as a priority in EU, and maybe never will, what is a weakness in a globalization world.
Given the increase in intra-Community travel, in particular ‘package travel’, the European Union legislature felt it necessary to define a set of rules common to all States Members. In the attempt to combat the inequalities between those who hire this type of services and the companies that organise the trips. We propose to critically analyse this new legal instrument and discuss its scope of consumer protection. The European legislature intends by Directive 2015/2302 harmonise the rights and obligations arising from contracts for package travel and related travel services. It aims to create a true internal market for consumers, establishing a good balance between a high level of consumer protection and the competitiveness of enterprises. The rights of travellers will be better protected, in matters such as compensation, cancellation, assistance, among others. On the other hand, we see the standardisation of the concept of organised trips ending differences in doctrine and jurisprudence.Keywords: Consumer, traveller, directive, protection, organised trip.
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