RESUMO -O bacurizeiro é uma das espécies fruteiras nativas de maior importância socioeconômica das regiões Norte e Meio-Norte do Brasil. No entanto, ainda há carência de conhecimentos científicos sobre a espécie, especialmente sobre sua biologia floral, mecanismos reprodutivos e viabilidade do pólen. O conhecimento sobre a viabilidade do pólen é fundamental para o melhoramento genético, especialmente quando se tem em mente a realização de hibridizações controladas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da sacarose e de acessos na viabilidade do pólen de bacurizeiro por meio da germinação in vitro. Avaliaram-se cinco acessos (BGB 6, BGB 11, BGB 48, BGB 32 e BGB 16) de bacurizeiro combinados com um tratamento-controle, sem sacarose, e quatro concentrações de sacarose (5; 7,5; 10 e 20%), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 5 x 5, com oito repetições. Na maioria dos acessos, a germinação in vitro do pólen atingiu um máximo (71,1 e 63,0%) entre as concentrações de sacarose de 9,4 e 9,7% e, a partir daí, caiu de forma drástica até atingir um percentual inferior a 10% de germinação na concentração de 20% de sacarose. Foram encontrados bons percentuais de germinação (entre 63,0 e 77,1%) para todos os acessos, com exceção do acesso BGB 16, que não alcançou 50%. Palavras-chave: Clusiaceae, viabilidade do pólen, melhoramento genético, meio de cultura, pólen fresco. EFFECT OF SUCROSE CONCENTRATION ON POLLEN IN VITRO GERMINATION OF FIVE BACURY (Platonia insignis MART.) ACCESSESABSTRACT -The bacury tree is a native fruit species of great socio-economic importance of North and Mid-North regions of Brazil. However, there is insufficient scientific knowledge on the species, especially on its floral biology, reproductive mechanisms and pollen viability. Knowledge about pollen viability is essential for the genetic breeding, especially for controlled hybridizations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sucrose and of access on the viability of bacury pollen by in vitro germination. Five bacury accessions (BGB 6, BGB 11, BGB 48, BGB 32 and BGB 16) and five sucrose concentrations (0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20%) were evaluated in a completely randomized design in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement, with eight replications. In the majority of the accessions, pollen germination in vitro reached a maximum (71.1 to 63.0%) sucrose concentrations between 9.4 and 9.7% and from then fell dramatically until a percentage lower than 10% germination at a concentration of 20% sucrose. Showed good germination percentages (between 63.0 and 77.1%) for all accessions, except access BGB 16 did not reach 50%.
Plant breeding of ornamental peppers (Capsicum spp.) can be supported by biotechnological tools. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of an in vitro culture of immature zygotic embryos (IZE) to reduce the breeding cycle of ornamental pepper (C. annuum) in comparison to the conventional system. Three ornamental pepper genotypes were used: UFPB 001, UFPB 004, and UFPB 099. Embryos at 30 days after selfing were inoculated in MS ½-strength culture medium, and at the same time, seeds were placed to germinate in a commercial substrate. Approximately 215 days are required from selfing until fruit ripening in the conventional system, whereas the IZE system requires an average of 153 days, a decrease of approximately 30% per selection cycle, corresponding to 496 days considering 8 selfing cycles. A decrease in time, labor, and inputs makes the IZE system a suitable tool for shortening the breeding program of ornamentals peppers.
Peppers belong to the family Solanaceae and can be used for several different purposes. The use of morphological descriptors associated with multivariate techniques allows identifying pepper progenies that can be recommended for ornamental purposes. This study aimed to select segregating Capsicum annum progenies based on multivariate analyses. The study was conducted in a plant nursery at the Biotechnology and Plant Breeding Sector of the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba (CCA/UFPB). Twenty F3 progenies of ornamental peppers were used, namely: UFPB 5, 8, 10, 15, 18, 22, 25, 32, 33, 36, 40, 42, 49, 56, 60, 62, 64, 69, 75, and 77, plus four additional controls consisting of the parents UFPB 77.3 and UFPB137 and two commercial cultivars, Etna and Pirâmide. Seventeen plant and fruit traits were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized. The data were subjected to a multivariate analysis of variance. All analyses were performed with the software R, version 3.0.3. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance highlighted significant differences between the populations of ornamental peppers. Singh’s (1981) method made it possible to determine that eleven of the seventeen traits studied contributed with 73.7% of the genetic divergence, whereas six traits contributed with only 21.2%. There is genetic diversity among the evaluated progenies. Progenies 5, 10, 22, 33, 49, and 69 are recommended for selection for having ornamental traits for in-pot cultivation. Selection within these progenies is recommended to continue the breeding program of ornamental peppers for in-pot cultivation.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de métodos de extração da oleosidade de grãos de pólen de bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis), sobre sua viabilidade. Avaliaram-se sete tratamentos para a extração de lipídios do pólen, cinco deles por imersão em éter de petróleo por 30 s (T1), 60 s (T2), 300 s (T3), 600 s (T4), e 900 s (T5), e dois por imersão em 25% de álcool e 75% de éter petróleo por 60 s (T6) e 900 s (T7); e um tratamento-controle, sem a adição de solventes. Posteriormente, os grãos de pólen desengordurados foram submetidos a um teste de germinação in vitro. Os grãos de pólen submetidos a T2, T3, T4 e T5 apresentaram teores de lipídios menores do que o do tratamento-controle. O tratamento T2 promoveu a maior germinação dos pólens.Termos para indexação: Platonia insignis, Clusiaceae, armazenamento de pólen, viabilidade do pólen. Conservation and degreasing of bacury pollen grainsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of methods of oil extraction from bacury (Platonia insignis) pollen grains, on their viability. Seven treatments were evaluated for lipid extraction of pollen grains, five of which by immersion in petroleum ether for 30 s (T1), 60 s (T2), 300 s (T3), 600 s (T4), and 900 s (T5), and two treatments by immersion in 25% alcohol and 75% petroleum ether for 60 s (T6) and 900 s (T7); besides a control without solvents. Subsequently, degreased pollen grains were subjected to an in vitro germination test. Pollen grains subjected to T2, T3, T4, and T5 showed lower lipid content than the control treatment. The T2 treatment provided the highest germination of pollen.
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