The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the gray rot fungus (Botrytis cinerea) are two important factors that cause elevated losses of productivity in vineyards globally. The European grapevine moth is one of the most important pests in vineyards around the world, not only because of its direct damage to crops, but also due to its association with the gray rot fungus; both organisms are highly detrimental to the same crop. Currently, there is no effective, economic, and eco-friendly technique that can be applied for the control of both agents. On the other hand, Metarhizium anisopliae belongs to a diverse group of entomopathogenic fungi of asexual reproduction and global distribution. Several Metarhizium isolates have been discovered causing large epizootics to over 300 insects' species worldwide. In this study, a simple design was conducted to evaluate the potential of native M. anisopliae isolates as one of biological control agents against L. botrana and as possible growth inhibitors to B. cinerea. Entomopathogenic fungal strains were isolated from arid soils under vine (Vitis vinifera) culture. Results suggest that the three entomopathogenic strains (CEP413, CEP589, and CEP591) were highly efficient in controlling larval and pupal stages of L. botrana, with mortality rates ranging from 81 to 98% (within 4-6 days). Also, growth inhibition over B. cinerea strains resulted in percentages ranged from 47 to 64%. Finally, the compatibility of the entomopathogenic strains, with seven commercial fungicides, was evaluated. The potential of the entomopathogenic fungal strains to act as control agents is discussed.
https://doi.org/10.25085/rsea.763406Hongos entomopatógenos: ¿Son los aislamientos polispóricos más patógenos que las cepas monospóricas? RESUMEN. Actualmente existen varias cepas de hongos entomopatógenos utilizadas para la fabricación de bio-insecticidas comerciales. Sin embargo, la selección de éstas sigue algunas pautas como la obtención y evaluación de cepas monospóricas (cultivo en masa de microorganismos que provienen de una sola espora) Las principales razones para el uso de cultivos monospóricos en lugar de cultivos polispóricos son: la virulencia atenuada y los posibles "contaminantes" de la misma especie. En este estudio, diferentes aislamientos polispóricos y sus combinaciones monospóricas se pusieron a prueba para evaluar su eficacia respecto a larvas de Tenebrio molitor (L.) como insecto modelo. Los aislamientos polispóricos de hongos entomopatógenos fueron obtenidos de muestras de suelo de regiones agrícolas áridas. Se seleccionaron cuatro aislamientos polispóricos de Metarhizium sp. (Metschn.) (CEP413, CEP589, CEP590 y CEP591) para los bioensayos. Se realizaron pruebas de patogenicidad para evaluar la mortalidad en tres tratamientos, Polispórico completo (FP), Polispórico parcial (PP) y Monospórico puro (PM). La mortalidad acumulada se midió al día 4 después de la infección. El porcentaje de esporulación se evaluó al día 6 después de la infección. La mayor mortalidad se encontró en el tratamiento PF (94%), la menor mortalidad en el día 4 se encontró en PM-CEP413 (32%). Al día 6 el porcentaje de esporulación fue mayor en FP (94%) y fue diferente del resto de tratamientos. Elucidar diferentes combinaciones polispóricas y monospóricas para aumentar la eficacia de las aplicaciones es crucial para ayudar a expandir el uso de bio-insecticidas basados en hongos entomopatógenos. ABSTRACT. Currently only monosporic strains from several entomopathogenic fungi have been selected and used for mass production and bioinsecticide manufacturing worldwide. The main reasons for the use of single spore instead of multispore strains are the attenuated virulence and the contaminants of the same species. In this study, different polisporic isolates and their monosporic combinations were tested against Tenebrio molitor (L.) larvae as an insect model. Isolates were obtained from arid soils. Four Metarhizium sp. (Metschn.) multisporic isolates (CEP413, CEP589, CEP590 and CEP591) were selected for bioassays. Trials were performed to evaluate mortality on three treatments, Full Polisporic (FP), Partial Polisporic (PP) and Pure Monosporic (PM). Cumulative mortality was measured at day 4 post infection. Sporulation percentage was assessed at day 6 post infection. The highest mortality was found at FP treatment (94%), the lowest mortality at day 4 was found at PM-CEP413 (32%). At day 6 the sporulation percentage was higher on FP (94%) and it was different from the rest of the treatments. To elucidate different polisporic and monosporic combinations to improve their effectiveness, may help to expand the use of bioinsecticides b...
Background Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the natural enemies of insect pests. Nevertheless, research on the use of EPF for simultaneous prevention of pest and disease agents on the same crop is limited. In this study, we explored the potential dual effects of three strains of the EPF Metarhizium anisopliae on the control of detrimental agents of Vitis vinifera L., including different developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and adult) of the insect pest Lobesia botrana and the phytopathogenic fungus Eutypella microtheca. Methods Laboratory pathogenicity trials were performed to examine the effects of the three M. anisopliae strains on the mortality rate of L. botrana. In addition, field trials were conducted to assess the biocontrol potential of one selected M. anisopliae strain on the larval stage of L. botrana. Moreover, inhibitory effects of the three EPF strains on E. microtheca growth were examined in vitro. Results All the M. anisopliae strains were highly effective, killing all stages of L. botrana as well as inhibiting the growth of E. microtheca. The in vitro mortality of larvae treated with the strains was over 75%, whereas that of treated pupae and adults was over 85%. The three EPF strains showed similar efficacy against larvae and adult stages; nevertheless, pupal mortality was observed to be strain dependent. Mortality of L. botrana larvae ranged from 64 to 91% at field conditions. Inhibition of E. microtheca growth reached 50% in comparison to the control. Conclusions Our study showed that M. anisopliae strains were highly effective in ensuring control of two different detrimental agents of V. vinifera L., providing new evidence to support the dual effects of entomopathogenic fungi.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.