If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.*Related content and download information correct at time of download. Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of intellectual capital (IC) awareness among Portuguese bank managers and which disclosure techniques are most common. The annual report is regarded by some authors as the most important vehicle of information about banks' affairs because of some specific characteristics of banks' activities. However, organizations are increasingly using their webpages to disclose a broad spectrum of information. The objectives of this study are twofold: to investigate how Portuguese bank managers perceive the impact of IC disclosure on the bank's competitiveness; and to assess the extent to which Portuguese banks voluntarily report their IC in annual reports vs webpages. Design/methodology/approach -The methodology involved in the exploratory study includes the collection of secondary data -annual reports and websites -collected from the 28 banks operating in Portugal, and semi-structured interviews from 25 banking managers. Content analysis is applied using a constructed index based on two European frameworks -Intellectus and InCaS -slightly modified to take into consideration the peculiarities of the sector. Findings -Results show higher level of IC disclosure in annual reports than that provided in websites. Human capital and structural capital are the most reported category in annual reports and, conversely, the disclosure of relational capital is higher in the webpages. Findings are found similar in comparison to various other studies on the subject which reveal very low level of IC disclosure, not yet receiving priority from the mentors of banks. Interviews reveal that not many managers recognize the need and significance of measuring and reporting IC, although it is recognized as a driver of competitiveness. For protecting business confidentiality, banks do not want to report information of sensitive nature.Research limitations/implications -The analysis is limited to a single sector. Future research can expand to other industries (e.g. manufacturing, technological, services) to enable a more comprehensive understanding of IC disclosure in Portugal. The cross-sec...

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Despite sustainability is a trending topic in the literature, the analysis of the social dimension in the food industry is almost neglected due to its complexity and the lack of an integrative approach. This research intends to advance on its conceptualization by incorporating multiple insights from stakeholders at various levels of the food value chain. It also aims at analyzing current challenges and problems, its scope and key actors to improve social sustainability initiatives throughout the food value chain. Through a qualitative-exploratory approach by in-depth interviews with high-level authorities, this research explores its scope and implications for the food industry. Findings suggest that sustainability in the food value chain cannot be achieved without considering the social dimension. Social sustainability should include not only human and labor rights but also living conditions, quality of life, food safety, cultural nuances, vulnerable groups and final customers through international agreed instruments. Social sustainability will only be possible with the commitment of all actors and good traceability systems from the seed’s recollection to final distribution. Actually, the Sustainable Developments Goals can become a good starting point to involve local, national and international government levels on a joint effort with other actors beyond the industry, always considering the specificities of the region under analysis.

Based upon an empirical-positivistic methodology, and resorting to the content analysis of the webpages through the application of an innovative index of disclosure based on the European models Intellectus and InCas, built specifically to analyze the disclosure of intellectual capital in the banking sector, we studied the disclosure of intellectual capital of the eighty-six banks operating in Portugal and Spain in 2016. The empirical results revealed that the banks in Portugal and Spain have disclosed an average value of 0.2355 of information on intellectual capital through their webpages in 2016. Relational capital was the component these organizations most disclosed with an average of 0.4529, followed by the disclosure of structural capital, and lastly, human capital. The use of a particular index of disclosure about intellectual capital applied to the singularity of the banking sector that covers two peripheral countries in Southern Europe, reveal to be the most contribute to the literature.

A presente investigação tem como principais objetivos analisar a divulgação da informação sobre intangíveis num período de nove anos, nomeadamente, a extensão ou o nível, bem como a sua evolução e as possíveis alterações que nela se verificaram, derivadas da adoção, em 2005, do normativo internacional para efeitos da elaboração das contas consolidadas das entidades bancárias. Através da verificação da divulgação dos ativos intangíveis atendendo aos itens constantes da International Accounting Standard (IAS) 38 do International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), foram analisadas as demonstrações financeiras consolidadas dos dezassete bancos, que apresentaram contas consolidadas em Portugal, ininterruptamente, de 2001 a 2009. Os resultados obtidos através da construção de um índice, elaborado para o efeito, revelaram uma média de divulgação de informação sobre intangíveis de 0,24 no período. O nível de divulgação geral evoluiu de uma média de 0,1940 em 2001 para 0,2778 no ano de 2009. Os intangíveis gerados internamente tiveram uma média de divulgação de 0,1592 e os intangíveis adquiridos a terceiros obtiveram um valor médio de 0,2927. Verificou-se um aumento na extensão da divulgação de intangíveis nas demonstrações financeiras consolidadas dos bancos no período em análise, sendo este acréscimo mais acentuado nos anos de 2005 e 2006, os primeiros anos de adoção em Portugal do normativo internacional endossado pela União Europeia através do Regulamento 1606/2002, de 19 de Julho, as designadas normas IASB-UE.