In the field of solid waste management, key concepts such as risk, impact and hazards have been used interchangeably and have had imprecise meanings and scopes; this can lead to a partial or biased vision, for example in relation to municipal solid waste management policies. This paper analyzes the use and diverse meanings of the concept of risk and its components in the scientific literature that addresses the issue of urban solid waste, from 1970 to 2020. It shows that the concept has been approached from various perspectives and interpretations. Economic and health crises can surprisingly increase risks and waste as in 2020. Waste composition has changed, since protective equipment against the coronavirus has been mixed with household waste. Of all risk components, vulnerability has been the least addressed in the literature, because technical aspects such as hazard modelling predominate in this field. Most of the publications have studied the final disposal stage, given that open dumpsites and landfills are still the most common methods for disposing of solid waste. Finally, a reference framework is proposed.
La influencia de los elementos de la geodiversidad sobre la vegetación ha sido poco analizada en la región Mixteca Alta. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los elementos de geodiversidad que influyen en las características de la vegetación leñosa a escala paisajística en el Geoparque Mundial de la UNESCO Mixteca Alta. Se utilizaron 70 sitios de muestreo de 500 m2 distribuidos en 3 diferentes tipos de vegetación (encinar, pino-encino y matorral xérico). En cada sitio se inventariaron todos los árboles y arbustos > 1 m de altura. Se registraron 92 especies leñosas, incluidos 62 arbustos, 28 árboles y 1 especie de palmera del género Brahea. Los resultados indican que existe una estrecha asociación entre tipos de vegetación y especies con varios elementos de geodiversidad, principalmente temperatura, precipitación, altitud y factores de perturbación antrópica. Por otro lado, la composición florística está dominada por especies generalistas (70%), lo que sugiere una etapa sucesional secundaria y un ambiente antropizado. El conocimiento de los elementos de la geodiversidad que influyen en la vegetación leñosa en el geoparque y sus especies asociadas es adecuado para su uso en el diseño e implementación de proyectos de conservación y restauración.
In the field of solid waste management, key concepts such as risk, impact and hazards have been used interchangeably and have had imprecise meanings and scopes; this can lead to a partial or biased vision, for example in relation to municipal solid waste management policies. This paper presents a review of the literature on the theme of municipal solid waste and risk. Analysis of scientific publications from the years 1970 to 2020 shows that the concept of risk in the field of solid waste has been approached from various perspectives and different interpretations. Of all risk components, vulnerability has been the least addressed in the literature, because technical aspects such as hazard modeling predominate in this field. Most of the publications have studied the final disposal stage, since open dumpsites and landfills are still the most common methods for disposing of solid waste. Finally, a reference framework is proposed.
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