Summary
The most important factor in small and medium-sized enterprises is undoubtedly the training; intellectual capital directly impacts the growth and productivity of the organization, so the preparation given to employees is vital. The study carried out a factorial analysis to identify the components to be considered in the training of the SMEs in the industrial sector of Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, México. The considered variables were: training, legal aspects of training, training budget, training course instructors, training culture and seniority in the company. As a result, the analysis of communalities allows us to observe that of these variables, the one that produces the lowest percentage of the variance is the age of the company, so it could be dispensed as a component of the training.
Las particularidades del entorno obligan a las organizaciones a adaptarse a un mundo en el que el cambio es constante e inmediato, por lo que la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias para lograr y mantener una ventaja competitiva se hace necesaria para enfrentar los retos actuales; con base en ello, este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una revisión de literatura acerca de la gestión del cambio organizacional, mostrando las aportaciones de los últimos diez años. A partir del análisis realizado se observa una asociación cada vez mayor con variables como planeación y estrategia, liderazgo, cultura, innovación, resistencia al cambio. Se concluye, que una adecuada gestión del cambio deberá incluir el análisis de las variables referidas, asociadas con la estrategia organizacional y en línea con las características particulares de la organización para aumentar las posibilidades de éxito; de igual manera, se corrobora la tendencia a considerarla como una estrategia efectiva y necesaria para permanecer en los mercados actuales y no como un período peligroso de caos e incertidumbre, lo cual la convierte en una herramienta para obtener una ventaja competitiva.
Objective: Analyze the relationship and influence of training with the performance of small and medium enterprises in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico. To generate proposals for improvement. Hypothesis: H1: The training and the elements that make up this, relate and positively and significantly influence the performance of the small and medium enterprises of Ciudad Obregón. Methodology: A quantitative methodology was used, it has a descriptive-correlational scope with a non-experimental design (Hernandez, Fernandez, and Baptista 2010) of cross-section (Creswell, 2009); Linear regression analysis and the method of ordinary least squares were used. SMEs from the commercial, industrial and services sector were studied in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, with a non-probabilistic sample and at the convenience of 195 companies. The instrument covered the training and performance variables, with 70 items, a five-point Likert scale. Contribution: Improving the performance of the SME allows it to strengthen itself as an organization, which will contribute to its permanence in the market, therefore maintaining the sources of employment, which is currently very difficult; and the mechanism to achieve this is training, especially if there is a connection with universities through professional practices.
This research addresses the problem of leveling workloads in a multi-product final assembly area. In which it was found that 27.4% of the time is used for set up and the current distribution presents areas of opportunity. The target was to implement improvement actions to make use of resources more efficient in the production process in the aforementioned area through Lean Manufacturing tools. The results obtained consist of eight products generated with the support of lean manufacturing support tools such as SMED, Workload Balancing and MUDA waste identification, achieving important results among which productivity in the area stands out from 109% to 125%, as well as a reduction in set-up time from 17 min to 4.4 min.
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