Cancer includes a group of more than 100 different types of diseases characterized by the accelerated and disorderly growth of abnormal cells. Cancer is a major worldwide public health problem. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), cancer increased to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths in 2018 (1). Historically, natural products have been used since ancient times and in folklore for treatment of many diseases (2). Traditional medicine is known the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories and experiences indigenous to different cultures used in the maintenance of health and for the prevention, diagnosis, improvement, and/or treatment of illness (3). Plants have comprised the basis of traditional medicine systems and their use by the peoples of many cultures has been widely documented. The World Health Organization has estimated that approximately 80% of the worldís inhabitants mainly employ traditional medicine for their primary healthcare (4). Currently, the use of medicinal plants to treat and prevent various types of cancer has experienced a breakthrough. Along with the cancer treatment ranging from surgery and radiation to chemotherapy or immunotherapy, millions of people seek additional options such as complementary and alternative medicine. In traditional Mexican folk medicine, Solanum rostratum has been used for years to treat kidney disorders, stomachache, and digestive disorders and with the use of the infusion of the leaves as a purgative. A tea prepared with the plantís flowers is rec
La familia Rubiaceae es la cuarta familia más grande dentro el reino de las plantas, varias especies de esta familia se han utilizado dentro de la medicina tradicional por poseer propiedades antiinflamatorias, antivirales, antitumorales, inmunoestimulantes, entre otras, el objetivo de esta revisión de bibliográfica es identificar especies con un potencial farmacéutico.
La paraoxonasa 1 (PON1) es una enzima que se expresa en hígado y que circula por el torrente sanguíneo asociada a las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). La PON1 tiene la capacidad de proteger contra el desarrollo de la enfermedad cardiovascular, gracias a su actividad antioxidante. Protege a las HDL y a las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) contra la oxidación y detoxifica moléculas reactivas. Se sabe que una elevada concentración de LDL en suero es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis, mientras que las HDL cumplen con una función ateroprotectora, se cree que la PON1 en la principal encargada de esta función. El estrés oxidativo y los procesos inflamatorios tienen la capacidad de disminuir la expresión del gen PON1 y de la actividad de la enzima. Sin embargo, una dieta rica en ácidos grasos insaturadas, vitaminas y compuestos bioactivos puede compensar dichos efectos negativos, elevando la expresión y la actividad de la PON1.
84 Background: The use of medicinal plants has been very common since ancient times, used for the treatment of several diseases such as cancer. In many towns in Mexico are used extracts from plants such as Solanum rastratum Dunal (buffalo bur, spiny nightshade, Colorado bur, Kansas thistle, Mexican thistle, and Texas thistle), which has shown to be effective in improving symptoms of some diseases conditions, there are reports indicating its use in the treatment of some types of cancer, such as the breast and cervical cancer. For this reason, in this work the aim was to evaluate the anticarcinogenic effect of extracts of Solanum rastratum Dunal on human breast cancer cells MDA. Methods: The plant was collected, cleaned, separate the different sections, were dried in darkness in special panels at room temperature; subsequently the extracts were prepared from the leaf, stem and flower-fruit using solvents of different polarity (methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane). Extracts were analyzed in cultured MDA cells line and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT technique. Results: The results showed that the stem and leaf extracts were those which showed higher inhibitory effect on cell viability, with those obtained with ethyl acetate which showed better anti-carcinogenic effect, while the hexane extract of the flower and fruit mixture which was showed higher inhibitory effect on this part of the plant; however generally the ethyl acetate extract obtained from the leaf was the one with greater cytotoxic effect in this cell line. Conclusions: The results of this work lead to the conclusion that is greater cytotoxic effect of ethyl acetate extract of the leaf than the other extracts tested. These results are contrasting with the traditional use of the extract of this plant, since traditionally people employ the aqueous extract of this plant, which would be equivalent to methanolic extract used in this study, which was who presented the lower cytotoxic effect of three solvents studied.
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