Este artículo indaga en las prácticas de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) en los sectores de alimentos, comercio y servicios especializados de 366 sistemas de franquicia que operan en México. Las variables de investigación se soportaron en la teoría basada en recursos y la teoría de la agencia. Para el contraste de las hipótesis, se han utilizado las técnicas de análisis discriminante y de regresión logística como complementarias. Los resultados concluyen que el poder discriminatorio de los factores organizacionales sobre la adopción de prácticas de RSE influye de manera diferente en cada sector. Las variables tamaño, edad franquicia y regalías mostraron mayor poder discriminante para la adopción de prácticas de RSE en el sector alimentos; la cuota de entrada, la edad franquicia y porcentaje, en el sector comercio. Solamente la variable cuota de entrada mostró poder discriminante en el sector servicios especializados.
This study evaluates the franchising intensity of Mexican franchise chains. Supported by the theory of agency and the theory of signals, the influence of the brand recognition and the pricing strategy on the franchising intensity of the chain was evaluated. The brand recognition was evaluated using four indicators: experience, size, MFA (Mexican Franchise Association) affiliation, and origin. The pricing strategy was evaluated with three indicators: initial investment, entry fee, and royalties. On a sample of the 397 franchise systems operating in Mexico in 2016, the multiple linear regression technique was used to evaluate the influence of the brand recognition and the pricing strategy of the chain on the franchising intensity of the chain. This research confirms that the factors associated with brand recognition and initial investment influence the franchising intensity of the Mexican chains.
This research evaluates the level of corporate social responsibility activities by the application of 26 indicators grouped according to the following dimensions: environment, society, corporate management and products and services. Beginning with the analysis of 401 websites of franchises that are currently operating in Mexico, 22.9% really communicates corporate social responsibility activities. This hypothesis combines the theory based on resources, the theory of stakeholders and the theory of agency. Its regression outcomes indicate that the franchise age and the percentage of franchise chain units influence the level of corporate social responsibility activities in a negative way; meanwhile the size and the entry quote influence their level in a positive way.
PurposeThis article examines the influence of market opportunity, risk, and distance on the choice of destination country for Mexican franchises.Design/methodology/approachThe research hypotheses are developed under the theoretical approaches of institutional theory, agency theory, and transaction costs theory and were contrasted on the data obtained from 52 Mexican international franchisors operating in 37 countries as of 2016. This study uses linear regression with ordinary minimums using the STATA 13.1 software.FindingsThe results reveal that a larger market size, a greater level of economic freedom, and a smaller geographic distance are determining factors in the choice of destination country. No statistical significance was found in the variables GDP per capita, level of democracy and cultural distance.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the theoretical and practical field. On the theoretical side, this study integrates institutional theory, agency theory, and transaction cost theory to evaluate the factors of the destination country that influence the internationalization process of the franchise. Another contribution of this study is to apply theories and models of developed economies to the process of internationalization of franchises in an emerging economy. Additionally, this study is based on a model that considers the distance, opportunities and risks that are considered by Mexican franchisors in the selection of the international markets in which they maintain operations. This study contains important practical implications that can serve as relevant information for decision-making in the franchise sector and its internationalization. This data is valuable for new models of Mexican franchises that decide to start their internationalization process.
Despite the importance of the franchise system in Latin American countries, few academic studies address the issue of internationalization. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, this study evaluates the factors that differentiate Mexican franchisor with international orientation from those that only operate in the domestic market. This research was carried out on a sample of 249 franchises operating in the Mexican market in 2016. The research hypotheses are supported in the theoretical approaches of the Agency Theory and the Resource-based Theory. The results reveal that the experience, the size, the monitoring capacity, and the franchise fee significantly predict the adoption of internationalization.
Este artículo indaga en las prácticas de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) en los sectores de alimentos, comercio y servicios especializados de 366 sistemas de franquicia que operan en México. Las variables de investigación se soportaron en la teoría basada en recursos y la teoría de la agencia. Para el contraste de las hipótesis, se han utilizado las técnicas de análisis discriminante y de regresión logística como complementarias. Los resultados concluyen que el poder discriminatorio de los factores organiza-cionales sobre la adopción de prácticas de RSE influye de manera diferente en cada sector. Las variables tamaño, edad franquicia y regalías mostraron mayor poder discriminante para la adopción de prácticas de RSE en el sector alimentos; la cuota de entrada, la edad franquicia y porcentaje, en el sector comercio. Solamente la variable cuota de entrada mostró poder discriminante en el sector servicios especializados
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