The consolidation of a pictorial surface or the removal of undesired material from the surface of an artifact, are the most important and delicate operations in the conservation of cultural heritage. In this contribution we report on the synthesis and characterization of two innovative systems for the cleaning of works of art: i) highly viscous polymeric dispersions (HVPDs) of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) random copolymer (PVAc), and ii) chemical gels from acrylamide - N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide, loaded with innovative aqueous cleaning systems. These systems were prepared, characterized and tested over artistic surfaces, such as wood and canvas. Rheology and FTIR spectroscopy allowed the characterization of the materials, and provided evidence that the systems allow an efficient cleaning of the substrates, without leaving residues.
The fringe projection (FP) method is an outstanding tool for reconstructing painted surfaces. This technique, which has been used for conservation and digitization, does not damage the artwork and can reach sub-millimeter accuracy. To carry out this type of analysis, it is necessary to achieve the most accurate measurements possible. Measuring the precision that a projector-camera-object arrangement can achieve is a complex task. In this paper, we show an experimental method used to measure the accuracy of this technique with instrumentation within the reach of most conservation laboratories. The method consists of capturing, as a reference model, a stepped cylindrical Nylamid® pyramid, as a construction whose shape, size, and manufacturing accuracy are known with high precision. The pyramid has eight well-defined steps, which are fashioned with an accuracy more exact than that of the fringe projection method. The height of each step was measured, obtaining the mean and variance of the height measurements fitted to a Gaussian distribution. In this work, we show the measured heights of the steps, obtained by varying the period of the fringes. The smallest detectable step height was less than 44.1 µm; however, this was obtained with a variance in the order of the step height. The smallest detectable step height with a small variance was 0.1008 mm. In addition to this accuracy measurement, a qualitative evaluation of a painting was carried out, finding the presence of possible superimposed thin layers, fabric, and microcracks, which commonly occur in the drying and aging processes. Further research would provide an experimental measurement of the method’s accuracy and its variance as essential for obtaining a confidence criterion that could then be applied to the model of the painting’s surface.
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