It is unclear to what extent these findings represent the effects of screening alone, a Hawthorne effect in which drinking behaviour has changed in response to monitoring, or whether they indicate reporting bias. These possibilities have important implications both for the dissemination of screening as an intervention in its own right and for behavioural intervention trials methodology.

This study tested whether differences in cannabis cessation 3 months after a single session of Motivational Interviewing (MI) may be attributable to fidelity to MI. All audio-recordings with necessary 3-month follow-up data (n=75) delivered by four individual practitioners within a randomised controlled trial (RCT) were used. Participants were weekly or more frequent cannabis users aged 16-19 years old in Further Education colleges. All tapes were coded with the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) scale Version 2 by 2 coders. Satisfactory inter-rater reliability was achieved. Differences between and within practitioners in fidelity to MI were consistently detected. After controlling for practitioner effects, Motivational Interviewing spirit and the proportion of complex reflections, were independently predictive of cessation outcome. No other aspects of fidelity were associated with outcome. Two particular aspects of enhanced fidelity to MI are predictive of subsequent cannabis cessation 3 months after a brief intervention among young cannabis users.

Background: Little is known about the impact of COVID-19 and the United Kingdom's (UK) national shielding advice on people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their families. This study explored the experiences and support needs of children and young adults (CYAs) with CF, and parents who have a child with CF, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: CYAs with CF and parents of CYAs with CF completed a UK wide online survey with open and closed questions exploring experiences, information and support needs and decision-making processes. Qualitative thematic content analysis and descriptive quantitative analyses were undertaken. Results: CYAs aged 10-30 years (n = 99) and parents of CYAs aged 0-34 years (n = 145) responded. Parents (72.7%) and CYAs (50.0%) worried about the virus, and both were vigilant for virus symptoms (82.7% and 79.7%). Over three-quarters of CYAs were worried about their own health if they caught the virus. CYAs worried about feeling more isolated during the virus (64.9%). Qualitative findings reported the following themes: (1) Disruption-caused by isolation, (2) impact on psychological wellbeing, (3) safety of shielding, and (4) healthcare and treatment provisionchanges to care, access and support. Conclusions: The impact of COVID-19 and UK shielding advice to have no contact with anyone outside the household caused disruption to the lives and routines of individuals in relation to work, education, social lives, relationships, CF management routines and support. Parents and CYAs highlighted the need for clear, up-to-date and tailored advice on individualized risks and shielding.

The potential for a contribution to be made by further education colleges to reduce drug-and alcohol-related harm has recently been recognized at a national level. Little is known, however, about the extent of actual drug-and alcohol-related activities taking place. A national survey for England was undertaken via a semi-structured interview administered by telephone, targeting all medium to large colleges and achieving a 92% response rate. Non-curriculum student welfare staff were identified to be widely available and most commonly involved in activities such as referral, provision of leaflets, with teaching staff delivering formal curriculum and tutorial-based work. External agencies were involved with three quarters of colleges, with a similar proportion of colleges also having a drug policy in place. The known contents of these policies were variable. Although drug and alcohol use were not generally viewed as being greatly problematic within the colleges, it is highly likely that there exist opportunities for early interventions that have not yet been well-explored.

This study tested whether differences in cannabis cessation three months after a single session of motivational interviewing (MI) may be attributable to fidelity to MI. All audiorecordings with necessary three-month follow-up data (N = 75) delivered by four individual practitioners within a randomized controlled trial (RCT) were used. Participants were weekly or more frequent cannabis users aged 16-19 years old in further-education colleges. All tapes were coded with the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) scale, Version 2, by two coders. Satisfactory inter-rater reliability was achieved. Differences between and within practitioners in fidelity to MI were consistently detected. After controlling for practitioner effects, MI spirit and the proportion of complex reflections were independently predictive of cessation outcome. No other aspects of fidelity were associated with outcome. These two particular aspects of enhanced fidelity to MI were predictive of subsequent cannabis cessation three months after a brief intervention among young cannabis users.