The goal of this article is to analyze the links among rituals, the concept of feminine beauty and political action in Argentina under the age of peronismo. In this context, this analysis focuses on two clearly defined historical periods: the first one takes place between [1948][1949][1950][1951][1952][1953][1954][1955], and the second one covers the two years preceding Perón's death (1974Perón's death ( -1975.The election of the "Working Queens" was part of a masses cult stressed by images related to liturgy in which various rites and symbols were mixed. It was a political spectacle which overlapped a formulation of "feminine beauty" with an aesthetic of ostentatious monumentalism. In addition, the photographs played an important role within this spectacle and they are being examined in this analysis as well.KEYWORDS: Gender, beauty, peronismo, workers, rituals, workers women, photography.El 5 de mayo de 1949 el diario Democracia publicaba la propaganda de "Manuelita", el jabón de tocador de la empresa Jabón Federal. Ruth Sesma Romero era la cara triunfante de la publicidad ( fig. 1).2 La joven, 1 Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género (IIEGE), Archivo Palabras e Imágenes de Mujeres (APIM), Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires.2 Aunque no sea el objetivo de este trabajo se puede señalar que la publicidad de jabones tiene ciertos rasgos peculiares. En ese universo publicitario la fotografía constituye su culminación. Además la imagen es propia del cine y se relaciona con el "consejo de las estrellas". El cuerpo del jabón es fundamentalmente el rostro y aparece como garante de lo natural frente a los artificios de los productos cosméticos como por ejemplo los polvos. Esta propaganda se vincula además con la historia pues alude a la época de Rosas en la figura de su hija Manuelita. Para un análisis de la publicidad grá-fica véase Traversa, Oscar: Cuerpo de papel. Figuraciones del cuerpo en la prensa 1918-1940, Gedisa, Buenos Aires, 1997
This book explores the linkages between Southern Europe and South America in the post-World War II period, through organized migration and development policies.In the post-war period, regulated migration was widely considered in the West as a route to development and modernization. Southern European and Latin American countries shared this hegemonic view and adopted similar policies, strategies, and patterns, which also served to promote their integration into the Western bloc. This book showcases how overpopulated Southern European countries viewed emigration as a solution for high unemployment and poverty, whereas huge and underpopulated South American developing countries such as Brazil and Argentina looked at skilled European immigrants as a solution to their deficiencies in qualified human resources. By investigating the transnational dynamics, range, and limitations of the ensuing migration flows between Southern Europe and Southern America during the 1950s and 1960s, this book sheds light on post-World War II migration-development nexus strategies and their impact in the peripheral areas of the Western bloc.Whereas many migration studies focus on single countries, the impressive scope of this book will make it an invaluable resource for researchers of the history of migration, development, international relations, as well as Southern Europe and South America.
Το βιβλίο " Έλληνες μετανάστες στην Αργεντινή (1900-1970). Διαδικασίες συγκρότησης και μετασχηματισμοί μιας μεταναστευτικής κοινότητας" επιχειρεί να φωτίσει διάφορες πτυχές της ζωής και δράσης των ελλήνων μεταναστών στην Αργεντινή η οποία δέχθηκε, από τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες του 19ου αιώνα, εκατομμύρια ευρωπαίους μετανάστες ποικίλων εθνικών προελεύσεων. Το έργο παρακολουθεί τη σταδιακή συγκρότηση της ελληνικής κοινότητας στην Αργεντινή, τον μετασχηματισμό της και τη σταδιακή δημιουργία συλλογικών ταυτοτήτων, ως αποτέλεσμα των διαφορετικών σχέσεων, εντάσεων και εξισορροπήσεων που αναπτύχθηκαν στο εσωτερικό της, καθώς και της σχέσης της τόσο με την τοπική εθνική ζωή της Αργεντινής, όσο και με αυτή της χώρας προέλευσης. Το πρώτο μέρος επιχειρεί να δώσει μια συνολική εικόνα της ελληνικής μετανάστευσης στην Αργεντινή, παρουσιάζοντας, από τη μια πλευρά, το γενικό πλαίσιο μέσα στο οποίο συντελέστηκε και, από την άλλη, τα ειδικά χαρακτηριστικά του ελληνικού μεταναστευτικού σώματος Το δεύτερο μέρος αποτελείται ουσιαστικά από τέσσερις μονογραφίες οι οποίες μελετούν τέσσερις διαφορετικές επαγγελματικές ομάδες ελλήνων μεταναστών, οι οποίες, με άξονα την εργασία, διαμόρφωσαν διαφορετικά μοντέλα εγκατάστασης σε διάφορες περιοχές της χώρας υποδοχής. Το τρίτο και τελευταίο μέρος της εργασίας έχει ως άξονα τον χώρο των ελληνικών παροικιακών συλλόγων του Μπουένος Άιρες όπου εγκαταστάθηκε η πλειονότητα των ελλήνων μεταναστών της Αργεντινής.
This article analyses Argentina’s labour attaché programme established under Perón’s governments from 1946 to 1955. Contrary to the US and British labour attaché programmes set up during wartime, Perón created a class-based diplomatic service, manned by rank-and-file trade union members. The institution of these “plebeian” diplomats, who made contact with the local labour movement and publicised Argentina’s corporatist model in the countries to which they were assigned, reflects Perón’s political programme, based on the privileged relationship of mutual support he built up with trade unions, as well as the deep social transformations that took place in Argentina during the Peronist era. Argentina’s labour attaché programme also reflects Perón’s regional and global aspirations in which an “alternative” labour internationalism, inspired by Peronist ideals and the Third Way position, and opposed to both capitalism and communism, played a key role. The article focuses on the concept, continuities and oscillations of Perón’s labour diplomacy from 1948 to 1955, as well as on the action plan and working methods of his labour attachés, while showing the serious constraints they faced due to the very nature of the Peronist regime and the dynamics of the dualistic Cold War context.
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