RESUMO. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os efeitos de diferentes sistemas de manejo sobre a biomassa microbiana e os estoques totais de carbono orgânico e nitrogênio em um Latossolo Amarelo. Os sistemas de manejos avaliados foram: plantio direto (PD), preparo convencional (PC), além de uma área recém-desmatada (ARD) e uma com vegetação nativa (AVN). As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm. Nessas amostras, foram determinados os teores e estoques totais de C e N, a respiração basal, o carbono da biomassa microbiana (Cmic) e os quocientes microbiano (Cmic/COT) e metabólico (qCO 2 ). A área sob plantio direto apresentou maiores teores de C e N, além de estoques de C na superfície do solo. Para os estoques de N, não houve diferenças entre as áreas avaliadas, em todas as profundidades. Os teores de carbono da biomassa microbiana (Cmic), observados no solo sob sistema PD, foram superiores aos observados no PC e ARD, em todas as profundidades. A adoção do sistema PD proporciona aumento na biomassa microbiana, C orgânico, N total e estoques de C do solo, indicando melhoria na qualidade do solo.Palavras-chave: plantio direto, biomassa microbiana, respiração basal.ABSTRACT. Microbial biomass and C and N stocks in soil under different management systems in the 'Cerrado' of Piauí State. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of different soil tillage systems on microbial biomass and the total organic C and N stocks in an Oxisol. The soil tillage systems evaluated were: no-tillage (PD) and conventional tillage (PC). A deforested area (ARD) and another with native vegetation (AVN) were used as references. The soil samples were collected in the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depths, and in these soil samples were quantified the contents and total stocks of C and N, basal respiration, microbial biomass C (Cmic), and microbial (Cmic/COT) and metabolic (qCO 2 ) quotients. The values of microbial biomass C (Cmic) in the soil under PD were higher than those observed in PC and ARD in all depths. The area under notillage (PD) showed larger contents of C and N, and stocks of C on the surface of the soil. For the stocks of N, there were no differences among the evaluated areas, in all depths. Notillage adoption provides an increase in the soil microbial biomass and total C and N stocks, indicating improvement in soil quality.
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