RESUMENLas vasijas son de "barro negro" y no tienen contorno circular -no generan "sólidos de revolución"-sino formas de simetría dorsoventral. 2 Además, una de ellas es una vasija cuyo volumen, patas y cola le confiere rasgos zoomorfos, en tanto su cuello se inserta en posición oblicua o descentrada. Hoy creo que estas formas, o más específicamente los atributos "simetría dorsoventral", "vasija efigie" y "cuello vertedor u oblicuo", fueron bastante comunes en el valle, es decir, este testimonio precoz refleja de manera cabal lo que habría sido una tendencia corriente en la confección de vasijas "finas" durante el primer milenio DC. En este trabajo trataré de sostener esta idea ofreciendo una caracterización de la cerámica presantamariana procedente de varias colecciones.Que el primer trabajo de arqueología argentina ya informara sobre lo que más tarde se conocería como Período Formativo (600 AC-900 DC) parecía augurar que dicha información crecería rápidamente y, sin embargo, este hecho fue de inmediato relegado al punto que la alfarería formativa de Yocavil es paradójicamente una de las menos conocidas del Noroeste Argentino (en adelante N.O.A.
The circulation and exchange of goods and resources at various scales have long been considered central to the understanding of complex societies, and the Andes have provided a fertile ground for investigating this process. However, long-standing archaeological emphasis on typological analysis, although helpful to hypothesize the direction of contacts, has left important aspects of ancient exchange open to speculation. To improve understanding of ancient exchange practices and their potential role in structuring alliances, we examine material exchanges in northwest Argentina (part of the south-central Andes) during 400 BC to AD 1000 (part of the regional Formative Period), with a multianalytical approach (petrography, instrumental neutron activation analysis, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) to artifacts previously studied separately. We assess the standard centralized model of interaction vs. a decentralized model through the largest provenance database available to date in the region. The results show: (i) intervalley heterogeneity of clays and fabrics for ordinary wares; (ii) intervalley homogeneity of clays and fabrics for a wide range of decorated wares (e.g., painted Ciénaga); (iii) selective circulation of two distinct polychrome wares (Vaquerías and Condorhuasi); (iv) generalized access to obsidian from one major source and various minor sources; and (v) selective circulation of volcanic rock tools from a single source. These trends reflect the multiple and conflicting demands experienced by people in small-scale societies, which may be difficult to capitalize by aspiring elites. The study undermines centralized narratives of exchange for this period, offering a new platform for understanding ancient exchange based on actual material transfers, both in the Andes and beyond.south-central Andes | archaeology | exchange | complexity | compositional
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