<p>Este artículo aborda el problema del bajo rendimiento en matemáticas desde la Teoría Adaptativa. Se parte del supuesto de que una escuela consciente de la diversidad en las aulas planificará estrategias educativas adaptadas a las diferencias de los estudiantes, logrando mejores resultados que los centros que proyectan únicamente para el grupo. Mediante un diseño de investigación <em>cuasiexperimental</em>, se comparan tres tipos de intervención diferenciada en función del grado de inclusividad de sus proyectos. La muestra la conforman 437 estudiantes de 2º de ESO de distintos centros de la Comunidad de Madrid, que realizaron pruebas de rendimiento matemático y respondieron una escala de actitud hacia la materia. Se realizó un análisis de contraste pretest-posttest a través de t de Student, ANOVA, ANCOVA y la prueba de rangos con signos de Wilcoxon. Los resultados muestran diferencias en el rendimiento en matemáticas a favor de los centros inclusivos, sin mejora en la actitud hacia la materia.</p>
The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) represents a challenge to university teachers to adapt their evaluation systems, directing them towards continuous assessment. The integration of competence-based learning as an educational benchmark has also led to a perspective more focused on student and with complex learning situations closer to reality; however, its evaluation entails an increase in lecturers’ workload and a continuous demand for students due to the diversity of evaluation tests required to assess each aspect of competences. After a period in which the changes have been introduced and within the framework of educational innovations cross-cutting project named "Analysis of the UPM Degree Programmes Evaluation Procedures and Proposal for Improvements" (EVALÚA)", supported by the Educational Innovation Department, the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) considered to analyse the assessment systems and the ways to improve them, at both levels bachelor's and master's degree programmes. The methodology is based on the model "Working with People", which for the first time at the UPM, creates a participatory process with students and lecturers aimed at knowing their opinion and their feelings about the evaluation process and the potential for improvement. Eight focus groups were developed, with 33 students and 39 university teachers in total. The results indicate that the perception of students and lecturers regarding the evaluation systems have many common points, as well as the need to undertake an improvement strategy for integrating actions from all three model dimensions, seeking a balance in joint work among lecturers, university administrators and students.
The study explores the motivational profiles of Spanish EFL sports science university students from the second language (L2) motivation self system (L2MSS) perspective to ultimately support Spanish higher institutions´ plans committed to improving employability and competitiveness. The study analyzes the relationships between L2 motivation, L2 proficiency, gender, and L2 contextual variables using data from 196 English as a foreign language (EFL) sports science university students. The data reveal that the ideal L2 self construct stands out as the most salient and powerful factor, while the ought-to and rebellious L2 selves are less significant and there are items loading on both of them at the same time. Thus, higher means for the ideal L2 self motivation correspond to higher levels of L2 proficiency and are supported by L2 learning contextual variables. The strongest ought-to L2 self was registered in students with mid-low L2 proficiency and a lack of L2 learning experiences. Meanwhile, the rebellious L2 self is clearly distinguishable only for students with high L2 proficiency. Pedagogical and curricular implications of these findings are that the ideal and the rebellious L2 selves could positively predict students´ L2 proficiency. Thus, new dynamics of education should explore language teaching methodologies that are more likely to enhance students´ ideal and rebellious L2 selves.
El presente estudio exploratorio pretende establecer y analizar diferenciasen las estrategias de aprendizaje y patrones de motivación manifestadospor estudiantes de secundaria de la Comunidad de Madrid en funcióndel enfoque de atención a la diversidad del centro en que estudian. Untotal de 437 estudiantes respondieron el Cuestionario de Estrategias deAprendizaje y Motivación (CEAM). Se realizaron diversos análisis descriptivosy análisis de varianza (ANOVA) sobre los resultados de los estudiantesen función del enfoque de atención a la diversidad del centro encada dimensión del cuestionario. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamentesignificativas a favor del Centro Adaptativo Integral en algunos factoresreferidos a estrategias de aprendizaje (establecimiento de relaciones)y motivación (intrínseca, para trabajar en grupo y atribución interna).Estos resultados apoyan la conveniencia de adoptar en los centros educativosun enfoque inclusivo de atención a la diversidad de modo que puedanmejorar la competencia de aprendizaje autónomo de sus estudiantes.
RESUMENNo se puede negar el incremento en los diez últimos años de investigaciones y publicaciones centradas en la Competencia Socioemocional. En concreto, este estudio aborda uno de los procesos que, según Goleman (1996), forma parte del constructo Inteligencia Emocional: la motivación. Numerosos estudios tratan su relación con el rendimiento y el fracaso escolar (González, Mendiri y Arias, 2002; Brier, 2006). El aumento de los índices de desmotivación en las aulas, unido a un rendimiento académico cada vez menor en algunos grupos de alumnos —a los que se unen aspectos y situaciones familiares disfuncionales—, justifica este estudio acerca de uno de los factores que más incidencia puede tener en los alumnos y sobre el que se puede intervenir: se trata de las características de los profesores que son percibidas como motivadoras por sus alumnos. En concreto, el estudio aborda el análisis de las diferencias en función de los diferentes cursos, el sexo y los factores de motivación según la Escala de Motivación Académica (EMA, Manassero y Vázquez, 1997, 1998). Para ello, se presentan los primeros hallazgos de un estudio, con una muestra incidental de 350 alumnos de ESO, pertenecientes a dos colegios concertados de diferentes áreas de Madrid. El trabajo concluye con algunas pautas de intervención para los profesores, que se consideran recomendables en la actuación en las aulas.ABSTRACTIt can’t be denied that, in the last ten years, research and publications focusing on Social and Emotional Competencies is increasing. This study addresses one of the processes, which according to Goleman (1996), is part of the Emotional Intelligence construct: motivation. Numerous studies deal with its relationship with performance and school failure (Gonzalez, Mendiri and Arias, 2002; Brier, 2006). The increased rates of demotivation in the classroom, coupled with an increasingly lower academic performance in some groups of pupils, together with dysfunctional family situations, justify this study about one of the factors with more impact on students: the characteristics of teachers who are perceived as motivating by the students. Specifically, in this paper, the differences taking into account the courses, the sex and the motivational factors according to the Academic Motivation Scale (EMA, Manassero and Vazquez, 1997, 1998) will be analyze. For this propose, the first findings of a study, with an incidental sample of 350 students from two schools in different areas of Madrid, will be presented. The paper concludes with some recommended guidelines for intervention for teachers in the classroom.
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