La contaminación es uno de los problemas más grandes a los que se enfrenta la humanidad actualmente; algunos compuestos pueden almacenarse por largos períodos en el suelo y mantos acuíferos. Además, los efectos nocivos sobre la salud humana son bien conocidos; el medio ambiente tiene la capacidad de restaurar las áreas contaminadas en bajas concentraciones; sin embargo, se han superado los límites naturales de degradación. Por ello, es importante la implementación de tecnologías de remediación para tratar suelos con desechos tóxicos, como los derivados del petróleo. Se han evaluado diversos métodos de remediación que utilizan microorganismos, y se sabe que estos degradan compuestos tóxicos solos o en consorcios de organismos múltiples.
Alopecia Areata (AA) is a multifactorial, dermatological disease characterized by non-scarring hair loss. Alterations in candidate genes, such as HR (Hairless), could represent a risk factor for its development. The aim of this study was to search for and analyze variants in exons 3, 15 and 17 of the HR gene in Mexican patients with AA. A total of 30 samples from both AA patients and healthy donors were analyzed in this study. Exons were amplified and sequenced using the Sanger method. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used in the analysis of clinical–demographic characteristics and the comparison of allelic/genotypical frequencies between groups, respectively. The effect on protein function for the non-synonymous variants was determined with three bioinformatics servers. Three gene variants were identified in the HR gene of the evaluated patients. The benign polymorphism c.1010G > A p.(Gly337Asp) (rs12675375) had been previously reported, whereas the variants c.750G > A p.(Gln250Gln) and c.3215T > A (Val1072AGlu) have not been described in other world populations. Both non-synonymous variants proved to be significant (p ≤ 0.05). The variant c.3215T > A p.(Val1072Glu) is of particular interest due to its deleterious effect on the structure and function of the protein; therefore, it could be considered a risk factor for the development of AA.
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