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We prove sharp regularity results for a general class of functionals of the typefeaturing non-standard growth conditions and non-uniform ellipticity properties. The model case is given by the double phase integralThis changes its ellipticity rate according to the geometry of the level set {a(x) = 0} of the modulating coefficient a(·). We also present new methods and proofs, that are suitable to build regularity theorems for larger classes of non-autonomous functionals. Finally, we disclose some new interpolation type effects that, as we conjecture, should draw a general phenomenon in the setting of non-uniformly elliptic problems. Such effects naturally connect with the Lavrentiev phenomenon.

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In this paper we make a survey of some recent developments of the theory of Sobolev spaces W 1,q (X, d, m), 1 < q < ∞, in metric measure spaces (X, d, m). In the final part of the paper we provide a new proof of the reflexivity of the Sobolev space based on Γ-convergence; this result extends Cheeger's work because no Poincaré inequality is needed and the measure-theoretic doubling property is weakened to the metric doubling property of the support of m. We also discuss the lower semicontinuity of the slope of Lipschitz functions and some open problems.