Background The inappropriate use of systemic antifungal agents can result in unnecessary exposure, adverse events, increased microbial resistance and increased costs. Aim This study analysed the use of systemic antifungal agents and adherence to treatment guidelines for fungal infections. Setting A Brazilian tertiary hospital. Methods This cross-sectional study investigated 183 patients who were treated with systemic antifungals. Antifungal drugs were classified according to the fourth level of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system. The appropriateness of treatments was analysed with respect to the indication, dose and potential drug-drug interactions. Descriptive and univariate statistical analyses were performed. The main outcome measure was the frequency of adherence to treatment guidelines for fungal infections. Results The number of established treatments was 320, with 163 (50.9 %) pre-emptive, 63 (19.7 %) targeted, 56 (17.5 %) empirical and 38 (11.9 %) prophylactic treatments. The overall adherence to the treatment guidelines was 29.4 %. The proportion of appropriate treatment considering indication, dosage and drug-drug interactions was 84.1, 67.8 and 47.2 %, respectively. The most commonly prescribed systemic antifungal agents were fluconazole in 170 (53.1 %), voriconazole in 43 (13.4 %) and amphotericin B deoxycholate in 36 (11.3 %) cases. Conclusion The study showed a low proportion of appropriate antifungal drug use; the dosage and drug-drug interactions criteria were the determining factors for the high percentage of non-adherence to treatment guidelines in the hospital. The profile of antifungal agents used showed the predominance of fluconazole as well as the use of new antifungal drugs.
The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with the use of systemic antifungal drugs in patients hospitalized at a high-complexity hospital. In addition, factors associated with ADRs were investigated. This cross-sectional retrospective study involved the investigation of 183 medical records of patients receiving systemic antifungal therapy. Antifungal drugs were classified using the fourth level of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical System. ADR causality was classified using the Naranjo algorithm. Drug interactions were assessed using DRUG-REAX software. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 53 patients (29.0%) had at least 1 ADR involving antifungals. Ninety-six ADRs were detected. The main ADRs observed were an infusion reaction in 24 patients (25.0%), hypokalemia in 22 (22.9%), nephrotoxicity in 18 (18.7%), and hepatotoxicity in 15 (15.6%). Amphotericin B and voriconazole were associated with ADRs of major clinical impact. Eleven of the ADRs (11.4%) were related to drug interactions. The following 3 factors were contributors to the multivariate model for the occurrence of ADRs caused by antifungal drug use: neoplasm diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 1.9-7.9), length of hospital stay (OR, 2.2; 1.1-4.5), and the use of ≥13 drugs (OR, 3.4; 1.6-7.2). Our study revealed positive associations between the occurrence of ADRs and diagnosis of a neoplasm, the length of stay, and the use of multiple drugs concomitant with antifungals. These risk factors should be considered in antifungal stewardship, among other actions, to promote the rational use of antifungal agents.
RESUMOEste estudo observacional determinou a freqüência de utilização de medicamentos parenterais em frascos-ampola em uma unidade pediátrica, e identificou as ações da equipe de enfermagem associadas ao preparo e administração desses medicamentos. Os dados foram coletados por meio da prescrição médica e observação direta dos medicamentos nas geladeiras e armá-rios da unidade. A apresentação em frascos-ampola foi prescrita para 30,8% dos pacientes. Foram observados aspectos quanto à reconstituição, ao armazenamento, à temperatura e à rotulagem dos medicamentos, fatores importantes para utilização segura dos mesmos. As informações pesquisadas para avaliar o processo de preparo e de administração estavam todas presentes em apenas 6,8% dos medicamentos. A identificação correta dos frascosampola é importante para o uso seguro dos medicamentos. O treinamento da equipe de saúde e a adoção de diretrizes de terapia endovenosa são instrumentos essenciais para otimizar o processo de utilização de medicamentos parenterais. DESCRITORES ABSTRACTThis observational study aimed to determine the frequency of utilization of vials containing parenteral medications in a pediatric unit, and to identify nursing team actions related to their preparation and administration. Data were collected from prescription forms and by checking these drugs in the refrigerator and stocks at the unit. Vials were prescribed to 30.8% of patients. Aspects such as: reconstitution, storage, temperature and drug label were observed. Only 6.8% of the drugs had all the information researched in order to evaluate the process of preparation and administration. The correct identification of vials is important for the safe use of medication. Training programs for the healthcare team and the adoption of intravenous therapy guidelines are essential tools to optimize the utilization of parenteral medication. KEY WORDS RESUMENEste estudio de observación determinó la frecuencia para utilizar medicamentos parenterales en frascos-ampolla en una unidad pediátrica, identificando las acciones del equipo de enfermería con respecto a su preparación y administración. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la prescripción médica y la observación directa de los medicamentos en los frigideres y estantes del servicio. La presentación en frascosampolla fue prescripta en 30.8% de los pacientes. Se observó la reconstitución, el almacenamiento, la temperatura y los rótu-los de los medicamentos, factores importantes para asegurar su administración. Las informaciones investigadas para evaluar el proceso de preparación y administración estuvieron presentes en apenas 6.8% de los medicamentos. La correcta identificación de los frascos-ampolla es importante para su administración. El entrenamiento del equipo de salud y la adopción de directrices sobre tratamiento endovenoso son instrumentos esenciales para optimizar la utilización del medicamento parenteral. DESCRIPTORESPreparaciones farmacéuticas. Infusiones parenterales. Grupo de enfermería.
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