Although guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a useful tool for regenerating lost tissue as bone and periodontal tissue, a biocompatible membrane capable of regenerating large defects has yet to be discovered. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and biological compatibility of polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes associated with or without nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) (PCL/HA) and Zn-doped HA (PCL/ZnHA), produced by electrospinning. PCL, PCL/HA, and PCL/ZnHA were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nanoparticles of HA or ZnHA were homogeneously distributed and dispersed inside the PCL fibers, which decreased the fiber thickness. At 1 wt% of HA or ZnHA, these nanoparticles acted as nucleating agents. Moreover, HA and ZnHA increased the onset of the degradation temperature and thermal stability of the electrospun membrane. All tested membranes showed no cytotoxicity and allowed murine pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading; however, higher concentrations of PCL/ZnHA showed less cells and an irregular cell morphology compared to PCL and PCL/HA. This article presents a cytocompatible, electrospun, nanocomposite membrane with a novel morphology and physicochemical properties that make it eligible as a scaffold for GTR.
Due to the high demand of the use of food packaging in the present day, the waste from the material disposal has become a problem of high environmental impact. In this perspective, biodegradable polymers can represent a viable alternative as they degrade after their disposal, thus reducing their environmental impact. The poly(lactic acid) or polylactide is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and compostable polymer, being considered by many authors as one of the most promising biopolymers in industrial applications. However, its low thermal and mechanical properties make it an unfeasible option to replace synthetic polymers. Consequently, polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanoparticles are products of relevant interest currently, mainly due to the thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties these materials can present. Therefore, carbon nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene) modified with octadecylamine in their isolated state and in ternary systems in concentrations of 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.09% were obtained from poly(lactic acid) polymer nanocomposites. After obtaining them, these systems were analyzed by TGA, DSC, FTIR, XRD, SEM, DMA, and NMR techniques. The presence of the octadecylamine modified carbon nanoparticles was able to increase the thermal and mechanical resistance of the poly(lactic acid) matrix. The systems with 0.03% of the nanostructures showed better results in both analyses. In the system with 0.09%, agglomeration occurred, and in ternary systems, the application of these particles results in a greater impact on the molecular mobility exhibiting a synergistic effect that may come from a better dispersion.
Este trabalho é uma revisão sobre o tema nanotecnologia e polímeros, com o objetivo de fornecer informações atrativas e relevantes que servem como subsídios para aulas de ciências e, em especial de Química. A Nanotecnologia é uma ciência de caráter multidisciplinar, assim possibilita uma abordagem integrada na formação dos jovens alunos do Ensino Médio, porém a natureza e as características desse “mundo nano”, não são comumente discutidas em sala de aula. Apesar de a Nanotecnologia possuir suas particularidades e conceitos, é possível a utilização desse tema para ensinar os conceitos de Química como, por exemplo, forças intermoleculares. Polímeros são macromoléculas constituídas por muitas unidades químicas repetidas ao longo da cadeia, que são ligadas covalentemente, chamadas meros, e estão presentes em muitas substâncias usadas no cotidiano, principalmente nos plásticos. Segundo relatos, é possível mostrar que o tema nanotecnologia, apesar de ter um apelo contemporâneo, é um conhecimento utilizado pela humanidade desde 4000 anos antes de Cristo. Este tema é bastante promissor em possibilidades para o ensino de temas relacionados à química orgânica entre outros. O presente trabalho apresenta uma breve sugestão de utilização do tópico forças intermoleculares, em aulas de Química, utilizando como tema gerador os nanocompósitos poliméricos, visto que, para o preparo desses materiais, é necessário que haja uma boa compatibilidade entre a nanopartícula e a matriz polimérica.
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