Introduction Autism is a complex neurological disorder with multifactorial causes, which compromises physical, psychological, emotional and social skills. This disorder also impairs dental care and patient oral health. Saliva can be easily obtained using a non-invasive technique and has been used in the diagnosis and screening of many pathologies. Total antioxidant capacity of saliva is reduced in the presence of caries in children and has been studied as a possible marker for autism. However, data on salivary antioxidants in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is scarce. Objective This preliminary study evaluated the existence of gender influence on non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and protein oxidative damage in the saliva of children with this disorder. Our hypothesis is that there are gender differences in these biochemical parameters in children with austim. Material and method Whole saliva samples were collected by aspiration between 8:00-11:00 am from 12 girls and 12 boys aged 5 to 15 years, with previous diagnosis for this disorder. Total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, protein concentration and oxidative damage to proteins were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Values were presented as mean ± standard deviation and tested for adherence to normality (Shapiro-Wilk test). The data were then compared using the Mann-Whitney test, considering a 5% significance level. Result There was no significant difference between groups for all analyzed parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion Based on the results obtained, we concluded that gender does not influence the levels of oxidative stress markers in the saliva of children with ASD.
Context Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have common eating problems, including food refusal, dietary restrictions, and behavioral problems during eating. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to find more clear evidence on the relationship between food selectivity or food neophobia (FN) and ASD in children up to age 14 years. The PECO-based question was: Are food selectivity and FN behaviors more prevalent in children with ASD than in children with neurotypical development (NTD)?, in which the P is children, E is ASD, C is children with NTD, and O is food selectivity and FN. Data sources Clinical studies in the databases PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, comparing children with ASD and those with NTD, were reviewed from October 1966 to October 2021. Study selection and data extraction A total of 122 studies were analyzed for summary reading, and only 17 of these were included in the descriptive qualitative analysis. In 9 studies, the analysis of food selectivity was performed via a questionnaire. Results The results showed that children with ASD are more selective than those with NTD. Four studies evaluated FN through scales; however, only 2 found higher levels of FN in the ASD group than in children with NTD. The sensory profile was measured using questionnaires in 9 studies, and we found that altered sensory processing is more common in children with ASD. Conclusion Children with ASD present greater food selectivity than children with NTD. However, the occurrence of FN was higher in only 50% in which FN was investigated, which points to a need for studies that compare FN between siblings with ASD and those with NTD in the same family nucleus. In addition, atypical oral sensitivity seems to be a sensory characteristic most related to eating disorders. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021247880.
Introdução: A violência infantil é praticada das mais diversas formas, entre elas a física, a psicológica, a sexual e as situações de negligência. Os sinais e sintomas das vítimas podem ser vistos também em ambientes extrafamiliares, como por exemplo, na escola, uma vez que o contato com criança é maior do que em qualquer outro serviço. Objetivo: Identificar casos suspeitos e/ou confirmados de violência contra crianças em escolas municipais de Ensino Básico em um município de médio porte do Estado de São Paulo. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de caráter transversal e abordagem quantitativa realizado em 5 escolas no período de agosto de 2018 a abril de 2019. A identificação dos casos suspeitos e/ou confirmados de violência contra crianças foi efetuada por meio de um inquérito, respondido pelos professores das instituições. Resultados: Identificaram-se 90 casos de agressão, onde 57,8% ocorrem em crianças do sexo masculino, com idade de 5 anos (27,8%). A maioria dos agressores foram os pais (72%), onde 74% foram casos de negligência, sendo o piolho (42,2%) e a cárie dentária (34,5%) como as principais causas. Do total de casos, 46,7% foram reincidentes. Conclusão: Conclui-se que muitas crianças vêm sofrendo com algum tipo de agressão doméstica e que os sinais e sintomas das vítimas podem ser observados também em ambientes extrafamiliares, como por exemplo, a escola.
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